h tyyt

1. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application

2. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Success of application is governed by
• Surface Preparation
• Film thickness applied
• Method of application
• Application conditions
Application Parameters

3. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Brush
• Roller
• Conventional Spray
• Airless Spray

4. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Choice of Method
• Material to be applied
• Substrate
• Environmental Considerations
• Transfer Efficiency
• Clean-up considerations

5. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Choice of Method
• Material to be applied
• Fast drying paints are difficult to apply by
roller or brush
• Paints containing aggregates are best
applied by conventional spray or
(sometimes) roller
• Non-convertible paints (eg Chlorinated
Rubbers) can be difficult to apply by roller
or brush as they pick-up the previously
applied paint

6. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Choice of Method
• Substrate
• Small items are difficult to paint by any
method other than brush.
• Complex structures will cause high loss
factors if sprayed - unless great care is
taken (tip sizes etc).
• Spraying on old steel does not allow the
paint to penetrate deeply into the pits.
“Working-in” by brush is much more
effective.

7. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Choice of Method
• Environmental Considerations
• Brushing & rollering can be carried out in
most areas with little outside effects.
• Spraying is prohibited in some areas
because of the problems associated with
overspray.
• Some paints are incompatible with others
and so if spraying, the area must be strictly
contained.

8. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Surface Preparation
Choice of Method
• Transfer Efficiency
• This is the % of paint transferred from the
spray gun to the surface.
• It is strongly affected by the conditions
(wind speed, access etc) but is often:-
• - 90% for Airless Spray
• - 60% for Conventional Spray

9. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Choice of Method
• Clean-up considerations
• It is easier to clean up brushes and rollers
than spraying equipment.

10. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Brush
• not as simple as it appears
• quality & size of brush important
• work quickly & methodically
• very useful for stripe coats in a tank
• Best method for applying primers to
corroded areas at OBM.
• Dft applied = volume solids of the
product
• coverage up to 100m2 / man day

11. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Ballast Spaces - Stripe Coat Application

12. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Ballast Spaces - Second Stripe Coat Application

13. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Roller
• Faster than brush (coverage 200-400m2 /
man day)
• Poor in tight areas and on pitted steel
• Rollering needs less skill than other
methods
• Only low film thickness achieved
• (Dft applied = volume solids of the product)
• Quality of roller very important (not
synthetic)

14. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application

15. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Roller Application.
Rollers are very effective at applying
cosmetic topcoats. They are not so
good for applying high build
anticorrosive or antifouling paints.
Unfortunately there are many situations
where spray application is prohibited
and roller application is the only
economic means of paint
application.

16. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Conventional Spray
• compressed air atomises the paint at the tip
• a mixture of air and paint is sprayed
• because air mixes with the paint it must be
clean & dry (so oil and moisture separators)
• for atomisation the paint must have low
viscosity, and so can only achieve low film
thicknesses.
• coverage of up 400-750m2 / man day

17. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Conventional Spray Gun

18. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Conventional Spray

19. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Pressure Pot System

20. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Pressure Pot Spraying

21. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray
• by far the most widely used method of
application in the Marine and PC industry
• called “airless” because there is no air
mixed with the paint - it is atomised purely
by the very high pressure

22. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Airless Spray Unit

23. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray

24. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray - Advantages
• speed of application (1200m2 / man
day)
• reduced overspray vs. conventional
spray
• application of highly viscous coatings
• high dry film thickness in one coat

25. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray - Disadvantages
• Health & Safety!!! High hydraulic
pressures
• clogging problems
• lack of versatility
• clean-up considerations

26. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray
Safety Catch Off

27. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Safety Catch On
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray

28. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray
• Product Datasheets recommend fluid
pressures for application, but on the pump
itself, only the input air pressure can be
measured.
• (50psi on a 40:1 pump => 2000psi fluid
pressure)
• Maintenance of equipment important
• Use of recommended tip size (not worn
tips)
• Pressure drops, by paint viscosity and
length of the line

29. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Methods of Application
• Airless Spray - Procedures
• Spray 12-14” (30-35cm) from surface
• Start moving before pulling trigger
• Move parallel to surface so gun is at 90o
• Overlap each pass by about 50%
• Release trigger at end of each pass
• Crosshatch technique for applying thick
coatings

30. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
90°

31. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

32. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application

33. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Airless Spray.
It is the only way to paint large
ships quickly and
economically.
Hand guns give better quality
work.
Pole guns extend the sprayers
reach and are quicker, but
give worse quality.

34. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Hot twin feed
•Applied by Hydrocat
•Twin Feed heated lines till mixer block
•Specialist Applicators

35. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
• Use thinners only when necessary.
• Use correct thinners for the product (check datasheet).
• “Thinner” & “Cleaner” may be different. E.g. “Intershield 300”
:- thinner is GTA220, cleaner is GTA822
• Usual maximum is 5%, otherwise:-
• cause solvent entrapment.
• cause runs, sags, slumping etc.
• retard cure.
• alter the volume solids and affect the wft/dft ratio.

36. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Pot life (for 2-pack products)
“Pot life” is the time period between mixing and before
both components have become too reacted for the paint
to be used.
The “pot life” is temperature related - the higher the
temperature, the shorter the pot life.
Exceeding the pot life can:-
• waste paint and block airless-spray equipment.
• affect the adhesion & properties of the coating.

37. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Checking the Conditions
• Take wet and dry bulb temperature readings from a
“whirling hygrometer”.
• Calculate the “relative humidity” (RH) and “dew
point”.
• Measure the surface temperature on the area that
is to be coated.
• Allow painting when the surface temperature is
3OC or more above the dew point.

38. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Wet Film Thickness / Dry Film Thickness
• Apply the paint at the correct wet film thickness
(wft) to give the specified dry film thickness (dft).
• The wft : dft ratio is dependent upon the volume
solids. If Volume solids = 74%, 150 microns
dft requires 150/0.74 = 203 microns wft.
• The wft must be checked as soon as the paint has
been applied i.e. before solvent evaporation.
• Spray or application technique can then be
adjusted until the correct wft is achieved.
• The dft can be checked later but this will read total
thickness of both the new coat and underlying
coats.

39. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application.
Film Thickness Distribution.
Extensive examination of the film thickness applied to vessels has shown:-
• Minimum film thickness achieved is 40% of that specified.
• Maximum film thickness achieved is 250% of that specified.
• Thicknesses measured will follow a normal distribution curve.
• The film thickness distribution is especially important for such as
‘self-polishing’ antifoulings where:-
Lifetime of SPC = film thickness
polishing rate
The variation in the film thickness distribution can be moderated by “volume
area control”.

40. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Spreading Rates / Coverage
Theoretical Spreading Rate (TSR)
This is the coverage that would be achieved for the
application of a totally even film thickness to a
completely flat surface.
It is calculated as follows :-
TSR = 10 x volume solids
dry film thickness

41. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Spreading Rates / Coverage
Theoretical coverage does not consider losses due to:-
• Surface roughness (blast profile, pitting)
• Paint Distribution (method of application and
complexity of structure
• Application (degree of air movement).
• Wastage (paint loss in tins, pumps and fluid lines).

42. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Paint Application
Practical Spreading Rate (PSR)
• This allows for appropriate “loss factors”.
• Typically we use a loss factor of 30% for
airless spray application of a high build
coating to flat surfaces, (e.g. outside hulls).

43. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Spreading Rates / Coverage
Practical Spreading Rate (PSR)
• If comparing quotations, ensure that the PSR has
been calculated in the same way.
e.g. for 30% loss factor
TSR x 0.7 = 3 parts lost for every 10
applied i.e. 30%
TSR / 1.3 = 3 parts lost for every 13
applied i.e. 23%
 All similar paints will have the same “losses” when applied.

44. Marine Coatings
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.
Questions?