Initial problems after the partition of 1947

1. Presented by Yamna Farid
Presented to: Madam Saba
Program: BS English

2. An Outlook of partition’s day

3. The major Difficulties
 Geographical Dispute
 The unequal division of Assets
 The lack of Administration Body
 The settlement of Refugees
 Lack of official equipments
 Kashmir conflict
 Canal Water issue
 Establishment of Foreign relations
 Development of Foreign policy
 Hyderabad and Jonagarh issue
 Fragile Economy
 Lack of Resources
 Division of Arms and Military
 Selection of Capital

4. Geographical Dispute
 A boundary commission was set up under a British
Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. He misused his powers
and handed over Muslims majority areas like
Gurdaspur, Ferozpur and Junagadh to India hence
providing them a gateway to Kashmir. Quaid-e-Azam
called “it an unjust, incomprehensible and even
perverse award.”

5. Division of Arms and Military
 It was announced on July I, 1947 that Indian army
would also be divided in ratio 65 to 35 in India's favor it
was with reference of the communal balance present
in the British Indian Army. • Pakistan received was
nothing but scrap and out of order machines, broken
weapons, unserviceable artillery and aircraft. There
were 16 ordnance factories and all were located in
India. Pakistan was given 60 million rupees towards its
share in the ordnance factories. • Pakistan did not
receive the due share of the military assets till now.
This dishonest attitude put Pakistan into great
difficulties.

6. The unequal Division of Assets
 At the time of division there was cash balance of 4 billion
rupees in the reserve Bank of India which was to be divided
between India and Pakistan in the ratio of 17 to India and 5
to Pakistan. Pakistan was to receive 750 million rupees,
which was in initially delayed by the Indian Government.
After the protest of Pakistan, India agreed to pay 200
million rupees. As the war between India and Pakistan had
started on the issue of Kashmir India again stopped the rest
of the amount. However the remaining 50 million rupees
are still not paid. The money was Pakistan's rightful share.
India deliberately withholds it because they hoped that
Pakistan would become bankrupt.

7. Language Clash
 After the establishment of Pakistan language
controversy was started between East and West
Pakistan. The members of the Constituent Assembly
belonged to East Pakistan demanded that instead of
Urdu, Bengali should be made national language of
Pakistan. In March 1948 while addressing at Dhaka,
Quaid-e-Azam declared, “Urdu and Urdu alone would
be the national language of Pakistan."

8. Lack of Resources
 . • Due to transfer of Muslim majority areas to Bharat
and unfair demarcation, electricity system of West
Punjab was disrupted ,because all power stations were
at Mundi, a predominantly Muslim majority area,
gifted to Bharat but Quaid-e-Azam said: • “If we are to
exist as a nation ,we will have to face the problems
with determination and force.”

9. Kashmir Conflict
 Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved
problem. • Kashmir is the natural part of Pakistan
because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s
total population was Muslim. • The Hindu Dogra rule
,who was secretly with the Government of India
declared Kashmir as a part of India. • Pakistan has
continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their
right of self determination but due to non-
cooperation of India, Kashmir issue still remain
unsolved.

10. Canal Water Issue
 The boundary of India and Pakistan in way that it cut
across the rivers and canal making India the upper
beneficiary and Pakistan the lower beneficiary. • Most
of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their origin in
India. • In 1948, India stopped water supply to
Pakistani canals to damage the Pakistani agriculture. •
However on 9th September, 1960 on agreement called
Indus Basin Treaty was signed between the two
countries.

11. Settlement of Refugees
 The one of the most challenging issue was the
settlement of Refugees. We were facing the lack of
shelter homes and accommodation units. Even we did
not have the system to buried our deasrest dead one in
a manner ful way.

12. Fascinating view of Kashmir Valley
During Snowfall A marvelous sunny day

13. Selection of Capital
 The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to
choose a capital to form a Government and to establish
a secretariat. • Karachi was chosen as the capital of
Pakistan. • Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the
Governor General, Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as
Prime Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons
was selected.

14. Foreign Policy and Foreign
Relations Establishment
 We had to create our strong Foreign policy that will be
in our national favor or linked highly with our National
interest.
 Each country saw India and Pakistan as one unit after
separation it was a huge task to create our personal
relations with well reputed countries or states.

15. Lack of Administration body
 Administration plays a crucial role in the success of a
country but at that time we were deprived from such
skill full persons who made our administration
stronger so we had to higher people from outside the
country.