Problems after being of Pakistan

2. Presented by:
Muhammad Aqib
Mubeen Khan
Amir Ali
Abdul Qadir
Presented to:
Fatima Khalid

3. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
After getting independence on 14 Aug, 1947, Pakistan faced many
problems in which main problems are given:
1. Division of assets
2. Water Problem
3. Language Problem
4. Choosing the capital of the country
5. Unfair boundary by Cyril Radcliffe
6. Killing of hundred thousands of Muslim Refugees In India

4. CONTINUED:
7. The issue of refugees
8. Forceful annexation of princely states by India
9. Lord Mount Batten’s Role
10. Death of Quaid-e-Azam and Liaqat Ali Khan
11. Constitution-making
12. Economic problems

5. 1. DIVISION OF ASSETS
The British government divided assets between
Pakistan and India. According to the agreement,
Pakistan got a share of 75 Crore. Only 20 crores
were transferred to Pakistan initially. Other than
these, military equipment and the record were also
to be transferred to Pakistan. The Indian
government’s negative attitude toward the transfer of
divided assets created lots of difficulty for Pakistan.

6. 2. WATER PROBLEM
Pakistan started facing water when on the morning of 1st
April 1948, India closed the headworks of the rivers of
Pakistan. This caused significant damage to crops in
Punjab. India started demanding money for the water that
Pakistan uses. For the permanent solution to this
problem, Pakistan took the help of the united nations, and
a treaty called the “Indus Waters Treaty” was signed on
19th September 1960 in Karachi.

7. 3. LANGUAGE PROBLEM
At the time of independence, more than 70
languages ​​were spoken in Pakistan. But in the 1956
constitution, only Urdu was given the status of the
national language. This sparked hatred in the hearts
of Bengalis living in East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh), which resulted in many riots and, in
the end, the formation of Bangladesh. The leaders
mishandled the whole situation, and the riots
resulted in deaths.

8. 4. CHOOSING THE CAPITAL OF
THE COUNTRY
One of Pakistan’s biggest and list problems after
independence was that it did not have many developed
cities like India. So Pakistani leaders have only a few
choices of cities as capital. Karachi was chosen as the
capital, and the officers and officials came from Dehli to
Karachi to set up the government capital. There was a
lack of records, offices, furniture. Some of the
government offices were also established in military
barracks during that hard time. Later precisely, after 20
years of partition, on 14th august 1967, Islamabad
became the second capital of Pakistan under the rule of
Ayub khan.

9. 5. UNFAIR BOUNDARY BY RADCLIFFE
A commission was established to divide some
provinces into Pakistan and India. As most of the
British officers were against the partition, so they
tried to harm Pakistan in all ways. Viceroy
Mountbatten was also inclined towards India.

10. 6. KILLING OF HUNDRED THOUSANDS
OF MUSLIM REFUGEES IN INDIA
When the division of Punjab was decided, Muslims
living in the Indian side of Punjab started the
migration to Pakistani Punjab. Hindus and Sikhs
started killing Muslims. Men and children were
killed. Women were raped. Countless Muslim
caravans and Muslim trains traveling to Pakistan
were killed entirely. This resulted in more than 5 lac
deaths in time less than one month.

11. 7. THE ISSUE OF REFUGEES
According to sources, almost 65 lac people migrated
toward Pakistan. Among which, 52 lac people
migrated to Punjab. It was not an easy task for
Pakistan’s government to make permanent
arrangements for the resettlement of so many
people. Despite limited resources, Pakistan set up
refugee camps for the migrants and provided them
with food and healthcare.

12. 8. FORCEFUL ANNEXATION OF
PRINCELY STATES BY INDIA
A coastal princely state present 300km away from
Karachi decided to join Pakistan, but India did not
accept the state’s decision and therefore forcefully
took control of India. This step of India was entirely
against the principle that states can decide whether
they want to join Pakistan or India.
In the same way, India again violated the principles
of states’ annexation when Nizam of Hyderabad
decided not to join Pakistan and India. India
forcefully took control of Hyderabad also.

13. 9. LORD MOUNT BATTEN’S ROLE
Lord Mount Batten played a partial role in the
division of the provinces. He wanted to benefit the
Hindus. So, he planned an unjust division of the
provinces.

14. 10. DEATH OF QUAID E AZAM AND
LIAQAT ALI KHAN
Quaid-e-Azam died almost one year after Pakistan’s
independence, and Nawab Zada Liaqat Ali Khan was
also assassinated in Company Bagh Rawalpindi in
1951 while addressing a crowd of more than 1 lac
people. Due to these two leaders’ unfortunate death,
Pakistan experienced a lack of leaders that were
sincere to the country. The country went into chaos
at the hand of bureaucracy and insincere leaders.
Experts believe that Pakistan deviated away from
the path to become a welfare state due to the early
death of Quaid and Liaquat Ali khan.

15. 11. CONSTITUTION-MAKING
One of the most severe problems faced by the initial
Pakistani people was the lack of a constitution.
Therefore, some amendments were temporarily done
in the Indian act of 1935 and were enacted as an
interim constitution.

16. 12. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
When Pakistan became independent, India refused to
give Pakistan a fair share of national wealth. Also,
the areas coming under the Pakistan section were
mostly agricultural areas with very few industries.
Due to which Pakistan faced a lot of economic
problems.