(Reuters) - Pakistan marked 60 years of independence on Tuesday, celebrating the end of British colonial rule in 1947. ... August 14, 1947 - Muslim Pakistan comes into being from the partition of India at the end of British rule. September 1948 - Pakistan's founder and first governor-general, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, dies.

1. Post-independence
problems Pakistan
faced
Presented By: Erum

2. Problems
I. Demarcation of Boundaries
II. Uprooting of Muslims in Punjab
III. The refugees problem and their resettlement
IV. The accession of Indian Princely States
V. The division of India's Assets
VI. Administrative problems
VII. Constitutional problem
VIII. Language controversy
IX. Pakhtunistan movement
X. Death of Quaid-e-Azam
XI. The Indus Basin water dispute
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3. Demarcation of Boundaries
• The division of Punjab and Bengal
• Chairman Sir Cyril Radcliffe was appointed as the chairman of both boundary
commissions
• Radcliffe gave his verdict in favor of India and against the interest of Pakistan.
Such as Gurdaspur, Ferozpur and Ferozpur Head-works ware awarded to
India.
• In Bengal Calcutta was assigned to India the whole of the Muslim majority
district of Murshidabad and Nadia
• Nearly 6000(sqmil) of territory with 3.5 Million Muslims these were assigned
to East Bengal provisionally but detached form it and transferred to west
Bengal
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4. Uprooting of Muslims in Punjab
• The Seeds of an ever-increasing hatred against Muslims had been deply sown
among the Sikhs.
• Thousands of Muslim women were abducted, never to be seen again by their
relatives.
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5. The refugees problem and their resettlement
• An influx of 6.5 million refugees were left on Pakistan
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6. The accession of Indian Princely States
• there were four states,
• Junagadh (80% population was non Muslims)
• Hyderabad (85% population was non Muslims)
• Jodhpur (majority were non Muslims)
• Kashmir (wanted to be part of Pakistan)
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7. The division of India's Assets
• India, being the larger country, got the lion's share in all
transactions, leaving Pakistan with minimal resources
to survive and build on.
• Pakistan was to receive sum of 750 million rupees. But
in first installment 200 million rupees were paid and
later after some time 500 million rupees were given but
50 million till now are not given.
• Of the military assets Pakistan received nothing but
scrap, out of order machines, broken weapons, rusted
artillery, unserviceable aircrafts etc.
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8. Administrative problems
Constitution
Lack of
working cash
balance
Skilled prosnell
Movable assets
No records for
continuing
administration
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9. Constitutional problem
• The government of India Act ,
1935 Became the working
Constitution of Pakistan.
• The first constituent assembly
under the independence Act,1947,
was formed and was given two
separate functions :
• This assembly failed to complete
task after 7 years of work it had
produced only two or three drafts
for constitution
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First constituent
assembly
To act as a Federal
Legislative
Assembly
&
Frame
constitution for
Country

10. Language controversy
• According to one unit reform in 1955, Pakistan
consisted of two provinces:
• East Bengal and 4 other provincial governments.
• 1952 Khuwajah Nazimuddin refused to recognize
officially Bengali as one of the state languages of
Pakistan.
• After protesting of East Pakistan and several
students death on the steets of Dhaka , 1956 Urdu
and Bengali got equal rank.
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11. Pakhtunistan movement
• Gaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi) demanding a separate
nation within Pakistan.
• It was the attempt to undo the unity , solidarity and
security of the state
• This was supported by Afghan rulers with the help of
Indian conspiracies.
• But if these regional feelings and parochial ideas
were to be nourished in spite of a special Muslim
way of life, there was no need for the demand of
Pakistan.
• This issue also created problems in both Afghanistan
and Pakistan’s neighboring relations.
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12. Death of Quaid-e-Azam
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 Died on 11th September 1948.
 It left a space too big to be filled in by any
successor.
 Despite of all the problems, within a short span
of time Pakistan’s progress and bold policies
enunciated by Quaid-e-Azam amazed the
world.
 His death was a great shock for Pakistan.
 He was the first Governor of Pakistan.

13. The Indus Basin water dispute
• On April 1, 1948, India cut off the supply of water
from the two head works (madipur, feroze pur)
under her control.
• The water of river Jehlum, Chanab and Indus
were given to Pakistan under the Indus Basin
Treaty
• Solution was offered by “Eugene Black”,
President of the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
• Which is known as the "IndusWaterTreaty".
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14. Conclusion
• Bengal was separated
• Kashmir issue is the major conflict between Pakistan and India
• Pakistan has developed despite of these major nation threatened problems.
• The cost is heavy in human suffering. Pakistan was deliberately challenged
these problems so that she could ask for reunion.
• The survive of Pakistan was made difficult.
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15. Our Pakistan
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