India n pakistan relation; a brief summary past present and future

1. INDO-PAK
RELATIONS:

2. KHADIJA KHAWAR
Roll # 14011579-
010
SECTION B
BIOTECHNOLOGY
UOG

3. India lies to the east of Pakistan
There is the border of 1500km
between these two countries
Pakistan and India relation have not
been pleasant since the very
establishment of Pakistan.
There have four wars fought between
these two countries in a small time
period.

4. Sub continent was divided into
two independent states India
and Pakistan in 1947.
But geographically ,historically
and culturally no other two
states have so much common as
these two states.

5. Unfortunately both states never
became good friends and always
engaged in conflicts and disputes.
Main issues between India and
pakistan have their roots in
boundary commissions decision
regarding the division of areas
between these two states.

6. Right from the inception Pakistan had
to face serious threats generated by the
boundary commission and infacious
design of India
Some of the basic issues are following
 Issue of military share
 Canal water depute
 Kashmir dispute

8. • Main issue directly affected the defense and
security problems of Pakistan
• India withheld all military supplies of Pakistan on
the eve of independence
• Sir Claude Auchinleck resigned from the post on the
same issue
• There was also a division issue between pakistan
i.e. 36% and India i.e.64%
• Ordinance factories in India was 16 and there was
not a single factory in pakistan.

9. • There was also a financial problem 60 million in lieu
of Pakistan.
• They shared this amount with pakistan
• Due to this determined opposition there was no
mean by which pakistan could get its due share and
had to be content with what was given to them.

11. • Longest and most serious standing issue between
India and Pakistan
• This issue is also a by-product of the boundary
commission set for the division of areas between
India and Pakistan
• Sir Radcliff provided India with the facility to enter
its forces in the valley by giving its important district
of “Gurdaspur”.
• A war began between Pakistan and India on
Kashmir issue. Both of the states had begun their
relations with the outbreak of a war in 1948.

12. • Throughout the decades of independence the
“degree and form” of crisis may have changed but
issue remained the same
• Nehru had made a public reversal of the principle of
partition by occupying first Junagadh and then
Kashmir.
• At least 40,000 people have been killed since
insurgency began in 1989 according to conservative
official estimates.

14. 27th
July 1949
Karachi
Ceasefire LINE in
Jammu Kashmir
OPERATIONAL Give rise to
Siachin dispute
8th April 1950 Minority Rights OPERATIONAL Communal
Harmony

15. 22nd January
1957 New Delhi
Trade and
commerce
contested Spawned most
favored nation
controversy
9th
September
Karachi
Water Rights
(Indus Water
Basin)
OPERATIONAL Potential for
conflict
January 1966
Tashkent
Peace making
after 1965 war
Overtaken by
events
Third party
Meditation
2nd July 1972
SIMLA
Peace and
security after
1971 war
Contested Framework for
normalization

16. 27th
August
Prisoners of war Implemented Trust building
1973 New Delhi
14th April
Designing of the
Salas hydro
electric plan
Contested
Source
of discard
31 December
1988 Islamabad
Cultural co-
operation Lapsed
Important for
people- people
contacts
6th April New
Delhi
Advance notice on
Military exercises
and troop
movement
Operatonal Important for
confidence building
measures

17. 23 June 1997
Islamabad
Joint working
groups for
composite
dialogue
Sidelined in
2010 after
several
interruptions
Framework for
dialogue
process
20th February
1999 Lahore
Nuclear Peace
and Security
Lahore
Operational
Core Principle of
conduct
6th January 2004
Islamabad Joint
Statement
Cross border
terrorism
Operational Reassurance
Reciprocity

19.  The Indus water disputes was had its origin in the
RADCLIFFE award .
 The award of the Ferozpur and Zira to India resulted
in the canal water dispute .
 All they were Muslim majority districts and were
given to India for a purpose.
 The RADCLIFFE award gave India the Ferozpur
HEADWORKS that control the Sutlej River as well as
MADOPOR HEADWORKS controlling the River Ravi .
 An Arbitral Tribunal was set up under Sir Patrick
Spens, which recommended that flow of water to
PAKISTAN.

20.  Since this was in breach of International law which
holds that an upper riparian country can not interfere
with the resisting irrigation of the lower riparian
country, the supply was partially restore .
 Dispute was apparently resolved in 1960 when Nehru
came to Karachi to sign an agreement with president
Ayub and Eugene Black Vice President of the World
Bank.
 Indus Basin treaty 1960 was upset by the India.
 Recently the world bank has been ask to arbitrate
between India and Pakistan and has given report
which awaits consideration .

22. In the last 65 years, India and Pakistan
have been unable to resolve their
differences and develop a normal good
neighborly relationship, which could
have benefitted people on both sides of
the border.
There have been several attempts to
initiate a sustainable peace process, but
most were either stillborn or abandoned
in their infancy.

23. Peace and stability are pre-requisites
for economic development, trade and
politico-socio-cultural relations.
Avoidance of crises, prevention of
conflicts and the building of mutual
confidence should therefore be
common objectives for the two
countries.

24. Still, there are glimmers of hope. Pakistan and
India have managed to cooperate on issues like
disaster response and energy, and the countries
have made good faith efforts to deepen trade ties.
The two countries have also discussed a proposal
to share information about the level of rivers that
run between the two countries to form an early
warning flood system.
The higher the likelihood of future cooperation,
the higher the incentive to pursue cooperative
strategies in the present, since pursuing an
uncooperative strategy in the present would place
you at a disadvantage in future interactions.
But unfortunately in spite of all efforts these

25. Most of us have given up on the hope of there
ever being true peace. This is because both
countries find themselves slaves of their history.
In order to build peace, it seems we will have to
be ready to build a partnership. Pakistan always
makes efforts to build such a partnership.
a solution towards peace will help India tap the
Central Asian resources and give Pakistan an
opportunity to build its economy through
developing new trade routes.
However, if both countries can settle their
differences and keep economic matters away from
politics, there are enough benefits for both