Thermal sensor and its application in mine

1. THERMAL SENSOR AND ITS
APPLICATION IN
MINE FIRE DETECTION AND
DELINATION
Presented By - Malay Kumar
Sethy
Roll No -
117MN0673

2. Contents
Introduction
What is thermal sensor
Type of thermal sensor in coal fire detection
Remote sensing of coal fire detection
Case study (JCF)
References

3. Introduction
• Coal fires not only occur from different causes like man made,
lightning strike, accidental fire, forest fire but also caused by
spontaneous combustion. Coal fires produce harmful gases such as
SO2, NO, CO, CH4 and ashes. It is important to detect the coal fires,
including the area, the depth, the direction and the speed of fire
movement, mainly for those fires having burnt for a prolonged of
time.
• Different type of thermal sensors, Space sensors, Remote sensor are
used for coal fire detection
• The first study for detecting coal fires by using remote sensing
techniques was introduced in USA (1963).

4. What Is Thermal Sensor
Thermal sensor is a device that typically use for temperature
measurement through an electrical signal.
This type of sensor are low cost, self powered,
and can be used for longtime.
Example: RTD ( Resistance Temperature Detectors ),
Semiconductor sensor, IR sensor, Thermocopule etc.

5. Type of Thermal Sensors
Thermocouple
• Thermocouple sensor is the
most commonly used
temperature sensor that consist
of consists of two different
metals forming electrical
junction at different temperature
• This thermocouple sensor is
usually sealed inside a ceramic
shield or a metal that protects it
from different environments.

6. Thermistor
• Thermistor is a type of resistor
whose resistance dependent on
temperature .It is up 2 type that
1. Negetive temperature
coefficient (NTC)
2. Positive temperature
coefficient (PTC)

8. Resistor Temperature Detectors
(RTD) IR Sensor

9. Resistor Temperature
Detectors
(RTD
IR Sensor
Semiconductor
sensors

11. Remote sensing of coal fire detection
• Thermal Infrared Sensor
Most part, coal fires in India have been detected using TIR sensors on
satellite because of its high coverage . This method applicable for
surface coal fire detection.
• Short Wave infrared Sensor
SWIR bands have also been used for monitoring coal fires by deriving
ground temperature. It is related to Planck's law, which states that the
radiation emitted by an object at a higher temperature will be high,
especially in short wavelengths, that can be detected by SWIR.

12. Video imaging detection camera
• VID camera detect
Presence of flames within the coverage
field of view of the camera
presence of smoke clouds
 Ignition of early fire
After detection of fire it send the
information to located guards, trigger fire
alarms. It also gives the information
of pre-recorded video forensic evidence
for future fire investigations.

13. Case Study – Jharia coal field (JCF)
It is situated near Dhanbad town lying at 260 km in North-West of
Kolkata and at 1150 km in South-East of Delhi. Multi-spectral Landsat-5
TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal data have been used for the study of
surface fire detection at JHF. Field data was collected in the form of
thermal image with the help of GPS, thermal imagine camer.
The thermal infrared images are used to detect coal fire affected high
temperature zone. This case study consist of three steps
 Identification of thermal covered areas that the hot points with
remote sensing data
Validation of thermal anomalies by GPS and thermal IR camera
 Necessary step taken for prevention

14. Surface and sub surface fire area in JCF different year by
landsat data
Sl
No
Year Surface fire
area (KM)
Sub surface
fire area
(KM)
Total fire
area
(KM)
1 1990 1.53 14.34 15.87
2 1994 1.39 12.28 13.67
3 1996 1.08 8.31 9.39
4 2006 0.73 6.45 7.18

15. Fire affected area in different year
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1990 1994 1996 2006
Area
Chart Title
Surface Fire Sub-surface fire Total fire area

16. References
• www.slideshare.com
• www.ipublishing.co.in
• Google images
• Wikipedia