This document outlines the principles of motion economy, which aim to minimize time and energy spent on limb motions during work. It discusses four main principles: reducing motions, performing motions simultaneously, shortening motion distances, and making motions easier. The principles are classified into three categories: use of the human body, arrangement of the workplace, and design of tools and equipment. Examples are provided for each principle and category to illustrate how motion economy can be applied.

1. PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY

2. SUBMITTED BY
Mazedin Reza
ID : 181-054-811
Tushar Ahmed
ID-181-060-811
Ayat Ul Sadik Bin Azad
ID: 181-061-811
Mehedi Hasan
ID : 181-062-811

3. INTRODUCTIONS
Principles Of Motion Economy is a better method of doing a job which consume minimum of time and
energy in performing limb ( hand, foot, legs etc) motions in order to complete the job and this is
possible due to economizing the use of motion.
Principles of Motion Economy are to be used in motion design, motion analysis, motion study of human
operators.

4. THE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
1. Reduce the Number of Motions
➢Eliminate or reduce the number of motions.
2. Perform Motions Simultaneously
➢Design improvements in the methods and tools which allow both hands to be used at the same time.
3. Shorten Motion Distances
➢Reduce - walking, reaching, stretching and turning, etc.
4. Make Motion Easier
➢Work should be smooth and rhythmical, reduce fatigue and promote safety.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
ECONOMY
A. Use of human body B. Arrangement of the workplace C. Design of tools and equipment
Principles Of Motion Economy are classified as three main types:

6. 1.USE OF HUMAN BODY
❖The two hands must simultaneously begin and finish their move.
❖Movements of the arm in the opposite direction, parallel and symmetric.
❖The two hands should not be idle at the same time .

7. USE OF HUMAN BODY
❖Hand and body movements should be limited .
❖The worker should be effective in momentum .
❖Make work possible to maintain a natural rhythm.
❖Fixations of the eye shall be as small as possible and as close as possible.

8. 2.ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE
➢Make sure all instruments and materials have a specific fixed place. In other words,
everything and everything in its place should be there.
➢ Locate the materials and controls of equipment as close as possible to the place of
use.
➢Gravity feed the material to the point of use (though bins and containers).
➢To find the best possible sequence of operations, pick materials and pools.

9. Figure: 4 & 5 dimensions of normal and maximum working area in the horizontal plane for male & females.

10. ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE
➢Good illumination for satisfactory visual perception.
➢Use drop delivery where possible.
➢Arrange work place height to permit alternate sitting and standing at work.

11. Figure: Normal & Maximum working space in three dimensions

12. ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE
➢Provide chair of suitable type and height to permit good posture.
The height of the workplace and seat should be arranged to allow alternate standing and sitting.
This usually means an adjustable chair that can be fitted to the size of the worker. The adjustments usually
include seat height and back height. Both the seat and back are padded.
Many adjustable chairs also provide a means of increasing and decreasing the amount of back support.
The chair height should be in proper relationship with the work height.

13. 3.DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
➢Relieve hands if the work can be economically done by jig, fixture or pedal.
The hands should be relieved of all work of holding the workplace where this can be done
by a jig fixture or foot&operated device.

14. DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
➢Combine two or more tools where possible.
multiple-spindle air operated nut runner
Develop and use two ended tools. It is usually quicker to turn a small
two-ended tool end-for-end that it is to lay one tool down and pick up
another. Tack hammer and tack puller, two-ended wrench, and pencil
and erasure are good examples. The designer of telephone handset
used this idea only when in one unit he arranged both the transmitter
and receiver.

15. DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Pre-positioning refers to placing an object in a predetermined place in such a
way that when next needed it may be grasped in the position in which it will
be used.

16. DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
➢When fingers are loaded divide work with according to the capabilities of the fingers.
➢Locate levers and handler to permit work with least change in body posture and greatest
mechanical advantage.
Unless a machine is fully automatic, the amount of work that it will produce depends to some
extent upon the performance of the operator. The time taken by the operator to handle levers,
hand wheels and other controls has an impact on production quantity.The operator should not be
required to leave his normal working position to operate his machine. The controls of machines
should be placed in such a way that he need not bend over or twist his body in an uncomfortable
manner when manipulating them.

17. LIMITATIONS OF MOTION ECONOMY
Motion economy has limitations. It does not account for physical limitations or differences in operators.
Moreover,a movement that appears ineffective from a motion economy perspective actually may prevent
fatigue and possible injury from static posture loading. However, using them alongside Principles of
Ergonomics and a rationalized design procedure will ensure a productive, safe and optimum workstation.

18. CONCLUSION
Motion economy helps achieve productivity and reduce Cumulative Trauma at the
workstation or sub-micro level. The Principles of Motion Economy eliminate wasted
motion, ease operator tasks,reduce fatigue and minimize cumulative trauma such as
Carpal Tunnel and tendonitis.

19. SUBMITTED TO
Faruk Ahmed
Asst.Professor,
Department of IE.
BUFT.

20. THANK YOU