2. Definition
Prevalence
Etiology
Measures of sensitivity
Causes
Theories of hypersensitivity and treatment
Grossman ‘s criteria for desensitising material
Chemical agents
Mechanism of action
Physical agents
3. Defined as pain arising from exposed dentin
typically in response to thermal, chemical, or
osmotic stimuli it cannot be explained as
arising from dental defect or pathology
Exaggerated response to non noxious
sensory stimuli . It is basically a chronic
situation with acute episodes
It shold be differentiated from dental pain
which is a response to noxious stimulus and is
a acute condition
4.
5. One out of seven people (1:7)
Males more than female
Age – 20 to 40 years ( 30 years)
Less as age increases due to
1 . Laying down of sclerotic or secondary
dentine which blocks the tubules
2. more fibrosis of pulp
6. Due to exposure of dentine and presence of
open dentinal tubules on the surface
Two types
1. sudden pain at an isolated site
2. generalized hypersensitivity
7.
8. Vabal rating of scale – stimulate the area with
compressed air
0 – no discomfort
1 – mild
2 – moderate
3 - severe
9. Loss of enamel – para function habits
- occlusal wear
- toothbrushing abrasion
- dietary erosion
Denudation of root surface – gingival
recession , aging, chronic periodontal
disease,abnormality position of tooth in arch,
exposure after periodontal surgery, incorrect
tooth brush
10.
11. DIRECT NERVE STIMULATIONTHEORY
Suggest that the responseof patient is due to
excitation of the nerve endings present
within the tubules and nerve signals are then
conducted along the afferent nerve into the
pulp and from there to the brain
Not accepted an nerve fibres are less near the
exposed surfacenerves are in plenty only in
deep interdentin
Intertubular dentin arises only after eruption.
And does not extend to occlusal surface
12.
13. Stimuli initially excite either the processes or
body of odontoblast. Odontoblast is close to
nerve so stimulates the nerve which inturn
stimulates the brain
Not accepted – there is no evidence of
synaptic relation present between
odontiblast and nerve
14.
15. Accounts for the pain transmission by small
rapid movements of fluid that occur within
the tubule brings of the pain transmission.
Mechano receptor nerves are seen aruond
the odontoblastic process when the fluid is
stimulated – nerves are stimulated – pain
Movement of fluid may be due to cutting
pressure changes
If tubules are full there is less space for fluid
to move , so mere is pain
18. Non irritant
Should not emdanger integrity of pulp
It should be painless
It should be easily applied by the dentist
It is rapid action
It is permanently effective
It should not discolour the tooth structure
20. Rubber cups
If root – root planning instruments
Remove hards soft deposits
Isolate and dry the area
protect the soft tissues fot the agent
Caustic effect
21. 1. corticosteroids
-when hypersensitivity was thought to be
due to pulpal irritation
- used topically
Found ineffective now a days
2. AgNO3 and ZnCl3
Acts by its ability to ppt. Protein of
odontoblastic process . Hereby locking the
fibrils.
22. Ca (OH) 2 : It blocks the dentinal tubules .
Promote peritubular dentin formation.
Exposed dentin.
Ca combine with full protein and brings abt.
Reminecalcification of exposed dentin.
Blocks the tubules
Fluoride iontophoresis : iontophoresis device
is attaches to the tooth and tooth substance
is positive charges and negative ions are
forced into the tubules
23. Burnishing of dentin
Varnish and scalants
Composite adhesive and dentin bonding
agent: they attach to tooth by lining ofa
a. Micro tage called micro mechanical bonding
b. by forming hybrid layer
24. After etching apply a primer . It crosses a
smear layer and combines with collagen of
dentin forming hybrid later
4 and 5 generation bonding agents .
4 scotch bond
5 primer bond
Soft tissue grafts : denudation of rock surface
are covered with liners