Annie Fortnow MAS 2017
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Presentation at Massachusetts Sustainable Communities and Campuses Conference on March 17, 2017
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Annie Fortnow MAS 2017
- 1. Assessing Occupational Exposure in Black Hair SalonsCo-Investigators: Anna M. Abrams Allison F. Marill Alexis J. Cooper Ramya B. Ramakrishna Jay D. Feinstein Teleah I. Slater Annie E. Fortnow Cassidy L. Tatun Omkar A. Kulkarni Raymond H. C. Trott Sarah A. Lemelman Sandra E. Watemberg Laura J. Goldin Joseph G. Allen Theodore A. Myatt James H. Stewart Matthew A. Fragala
- 2. Our Partners
- 4. Black Hair Procedures โขโฏ Chemical (relaxers, dyes, extensions) โขโฏ Natural (twists, curly styles)
- 5. Common Services and Their Health Effects
- 6. Hazardous Chemicals and Known Hazards โขโฏ Sodium Hydroxide โขโฏ Ammonia โขโฏ Ammonium Thioglycolate โขโฏ Formaldehyde
- 7. Methods: Study Design Our study was approved by the Brandeis University Institutional Review Board (IRB). Questions we investigated: โโฏ What are the daily workplace sources and concentrations of VOCs, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 in black hair salons? โโฏ What health concerns are associated with the services provided in the salon?
- 8. What We Tested For โขโฏ Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) โขโฏ Aldehydes โขโฏ Particulate Matter 2.5 ยตm โขโฏ Carbon Dioxide โขโฏ Carbon Monoxide โขโฏ Temperature โขโฏ Relative Humidity
- 9. Recruitment โโฏ Online search for 90 Black hair salons โโฏ Canvassed with a flyer and the help of the Resilient Sisterhood Project โโฏ 10 salons agreed to participate โขโฏ salon recruitment limited by the amount of equipment
- 11. Demographics โขโฏ 6/10 stylists 45 years or older โขโฏ Average of 22 years of experience โขโฏ Size of hair salons varied โขโฏ No standard ventilation system
- 19. Conclusion โขโฏ Insignificant data to correlate air quality with negative health effects โขโฏ Most salons had levels of CO2 that were above the ASHRAE ventilation standard of 800 ppm โขโฏ Some VOC concentrations were found to exceed EPA guideline and at least some VOCs were found in all salons โขโฏ PM2.5 was detected at levels significantly above outdoor regulations in 80% of the salons
- 20. Study Limitations โขโฏ Malfunctioning equipment โขโฏ PM2.5 and CO2 readings were done in snapshots โขโฏ Selection bias โขโฏ Short time frame to perform study
- 21. Recommendations โขโฏ Explore PM2.5 further in salons โขโฏ PM Characterization โขโฏ Ventilation assessment โขโฏ Increase number of health survey participants
- 22. Some of the Outstanding Questions โโฏ How do these workplace exposures impact black hair salon workers and clients short and long term health problems? โโฏ What methods (ie. better ventilation, different products, protective equipment) can help reduce these exposures? โโฏ Is there a direct correlation between flat irons and high levels of particulate matter in hair salons? โโฏ What are the implications of particulate matter spikes on health of workers? โโฏ If we did further tests in black hair salons of urine or rinse water, would we find additional chemicals that could negatively affect human health?
- 24. Laura Goldin Susanna Kroll Briana Sheehan Joseph G. Allen Matthew A. Fragala Theodore A. Myatt James H. Stewart Participating Salon Owners Lilly Marcelin Deborah Brown Peter Philbrook Dan Curran Dan Boudreau Black Women for Wellness MA OTA Paul Shoemaker Silent Spring Institute Clean Water Action Healthy Cosmetology Committee ACE Thank You