2. • is a disease caused by the failure to control cell
division.
• cells divide too often and eventually interfere
with normal body functions.
• mutations in the genes that regulate cell division.
CANCER
3. • When damage occurs to DNA, the replication and
transcriptional machinery may no longer be able to
read the DNA’s genetic information.
• These are the partial list of mutagens that are
found in our environment.
• Radiation X rays and gamma rays, Ultraviolet light, UV-A,
from tanning lamps UV-B, the cause of sunburn
• Chemicals Arsenic (Elemental form)
• Benzene, Dioxin, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Chemicals found in smoked meats and fish
• Asbestos, Alcohol, Cigarette tar, Food containing nitrates
(e.g., bacon, ham, hotdog)
Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Agents
11. • Leukemia
• Colorectal Cancer
• Breast cancer
• Lung Cancer
• Stomach Cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Certain Skin Cancers
• Retinoblastomas
• Endometrial cancer
INHERITED CANCER
13. • Tumor is a mass of cells not normally
found in a certain portion of the body
BENIGN TUMOR is a cell mass that
does not fragment and spread beyond
its original area of growth.
MALIGNANT TUMORS are harmful
because they may spread or invade
other parts of the body.
TUMOR
17. • Carcinoma - Cancers derived from epithelial cells.
(This group includes many of the most common cancers,
particularly in the aged, and include nearly all those
developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and
colon.)
• Sarcoma - Cancers arising from connective tissue
(i.e. bone, cartilage, fat, nerve)
• Lymphoma and Leukemia - These two classes of
cancer arise from hematopoietic (blood-forming)
cells that leave the marrow and tend to mature in
the lymph nodes and blood, respectively.
CLASSIFICATION
18. • Germ Cell Tumor - Cancers derived from
pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the
testicle or the ovary (seminoma and
dysgerminoma, respectively).
• Blastoma - Cancers derived from immature
"precursor" cells or embryonic tissue. Blastomas
are more common in children than in older
adults.
CLASSIFICATION
19. • SURGICAL REMOVAL OF CANCER
• CHEMOTHERAPHY & RADIATION
• WHOLE BODY RADIATION
• NANOPARTICLE THERAPY
TREATMENT
