Insect labin avajaiset 22.8.2018

1. Insect assisted organic waste
management -
A circular economy approach
Seminar 22th of August 2018, Jokioinen
Cecilia Lalander
Researcher Environmental Engineering
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
cecilia.lalander@slu.se
https://www.slu.se/en/cv/cecilia-lalander/

2. Environmental Engineering
Technologies for safe plant nutrient recycling
Group leaders
Björn Vinnerås, Assoc Prof, (Head of group)
Håkan Jönsson, Prof, (Deputy head of group)
Sanitisation technology
Annika Nordin, PhD
Source separating sanitation
Jenna Senecal, PhD 2019
Prithvi Simha, PhD 2020
Protein production
Cecilia Lalander, PhD
Evgheni Ermolaev, PhD
Alice Isibika, PhD 2020
Giulio Zorzetto, MSc
Viktoria Wiklicky, MSc
Lovisa Lindberg, MSc 2018
Wastewater management
Sahar Dalahmeh, PhD
Luis Fernando Mercado PhD 2018
Socio Technical Systems Analysis
Jennifer McConville, PhD
Solveig Johannesdottir, PhD 2021
Kretsloppsteknik
http://blogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/

3. Challenges
• 70% more food has to be produced until 2050
(FAO, 2009. How to feed the world 2050)
• 50% the use of mineral ferilisers has to be decreased
(Steffen et al. Science 2015;347:1259855)
Increase the knowledge of safe and efficient
systems for recycling resources from toilet waste,
manure, food production and agricultural wastes
Kretsloppsteknik
http://blogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/
and goals

4. Large organic waste streams
Food industry wastePre-consumer food waste
Food waste Other wastes
Photos: Foerster, Wikimedia, Ermolaev E., Pauline E.

5. Need for new feed sources
• Increased meat
consumption
• Animal feed demand
• Unsustainable protein
sources
• Price fluctuations
Photos: Midori, Phu Thinh Co
Soy bean
Fish Meal

6. • Material conversion
• Achieving smaller
cascades
• Several possible
products
• Economically viable
https://www.compostnetwork.info/policy/circular-economy/
Circular economy
approach

7. Conventional nutrient flows

8. Nutrient flows using insects

9. Fly larvae - Natures waste managers
Poultry manure in China
A household compost in Sweden

10. 45° N
40° S
Found between 45°N and 40°S
ca.18
mm
Black soldier fly: Hermetia illucens
(Diptera, Stratiomyidae)

11. Black soldier fly lifecycle
Eggs
Mini-larvae
Larvae
Prepupae
Pupae
Adults
~5 WeeksFly rearing Treatment

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Biomass conversion (% dm) Material reduction (% dm) Larval size (g/100 lv) Development time (d)
BSF larvae efficiency in different substrates
Fruits and vegs. Abattoir waste Poultry manure Human faeces Food waste Food waste opt.

13. Lalander et al. Science of the Total Environment 2013 458-460C:312-8.
Reduction of Salmonella spp.

14. Microorganism Type Description
Average
log10red
Salmonella spp. Bacteria
Zoonotic
pathogen
>7
Adenovirus Animal virus Pathogen >2.7
Reovirus Animal virus Pathogen >3.8
Enterovirus Animal virus Pathogen >2.8
Lalander et al. Science of the Total Environment 2013 458-460C:312-8.
Lalander et al. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 2015 35(1):261-71.
Reduction of pathogens

15. Substance Description Half-life (days)
Carbamazepine Antiepileptic 1.9
Roxithromycin Antibiotic 0.6
Trimethoprim Antibiotic 1.1
Azoxystrobin Fungicide 0.6
Propiconazole Fungicide 0.9
Lalander et al. Science of the Total Environment. 2016 565: 279-86.
Reduction of
pharmaceuticals and pesticides

16. Residue biomethane potential
0
100
200
300
400
0 10 20 30 40
Meanmethaneproduction(NmLgVS-1)
Days of digestion
Lalander, C. et al. 2018. “A Comparison in
Product-Value Potential in Four Treatment
Strategies for Food Waste and Faeces -
Assessing Composting, Fly Larvae
Composting and Anaerobic Digestion.”
––– Food waste
––– BSF food waste

17. Nutritional composition of
larvae
• Protein content up to 40% of dry matter
– Content nearly unaffected by substrate
– Amino acid profile slight substrate
dependence
• Fat content 30-40 % of dry matter
– Content substrate dependant
– Content larvae harvesting stage dependant
– Fatty acid profile substrate dependant
Larvae
Prepupae

18. Protein content (% dm)
of common feeds
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Soy cake Rape seed cake Fish meal Fly larvae meal Earthworm meal
Based on data from Helena Wall Prof. SLU

19. Methionine (% of crude protein)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
Soy cake Rape seed cake Fish meal BSF larvae
Based on data from Helena Wall Prof. SLU

20. Economic assessment
FW
FW
FW
FW

21. Total potential product value
treating 1000 kg organic waste
0
50
100
150
200
250
Composting Fly larvae
composting
Anaerobic
digestion
FLC + AD
Productvalue(€)
Organic fertiliser Animal feed Vehicle gas

22. Large scale
treatment
Kretsloppsteknik
http://blogg.slu.se/kretsloppsteknik/
165 kg
15 kg
~800 kg

23. • Fly rearing separated from
treatment system
• Environment for fly rearing:
– 25-30 °C
– sun light/UV-lights
– 60% RH ideal (though not necessary)
• Requires skilled personnel
• 1-2% of the generated larvae
should be circulated back to colony
for production of mini-larvae
Fly rearing

24. Rearing
Refining
Semi-centralised modular waste
management
Farm
Vegetable
market
Treatment
Treatment
residue
BSF larvae
Transport

25. The Eskilstuna pilot
2 weeks

26. • Flies are production animals
– Not allowed to be used for feed to other production animals
– Not allowed to be reared in animal by-products (e.g. food waste and manures)
• Currently allowed to feed insects reared on plant derived substrates
– To fish (as of 1/7-2017)
– Whole live insects/larvae to all animals species expect ruminants
– Insect fat to all species
– Processed animal protein to pet and fur animals (not part of food chain)
• Unprocessed former food allowed as feed for insects
– Plant derived substrates
– Dairy and eggs
Current EU legislation

27. Large organic waste streams
Food industry wastePre-consumer food waste
Food waste Other wastes
Photos: Foerster, Wikimedia, Ermolaev E., Pauline E.

28. Large organic waste streams
Food industry wastePre-consumer food waste
Food waste Other wastes
Photos: Foerster, Wikimedia, Ermolaev E., Pauline E.

29. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Biomass conversion (% dm) Material reduction (% dm) Larval size (g/100 lv) Development time (d)
BSF larvae efficiency in different substrates
Fruits and vegs. Abattoir waste Poultry manure Human faeces Food waste Food waste opt.