2. ELECTRICAL POWER and ELECTRICAL ENERGY
•ELECTRICAL POWER (Watts or W)
P = IV
I – current (A)
V – Voltage (v)
3. Sample Problems (Electrical Power)
1. An oven toaster is plugged into an outlet that provides a
voltage difference of 120 V. What power does the oven use
if the current is 10 A?
2. Sarah’s reading lamp uses 60 W power with a current 1.05
A. What is the voltage of the lamp?
3. A VCR that is not playing still uses a 10 W power. What is
the current if the VCR is plugged into 120 V electric outlet?
4. ELECTRICAL POWER and ELECTRICAL ENERGY
•ELECTRICAL ENERGY (kilowatt-hour or kWh)
E = Pt
P – power (W)
t – time (h)
or E = IVt
5. Sample Problems (Electrical Energy)
1. A microwave oven requires 700 W of power to operate.
What is the energy the device uses in two hours.
2. A smartphone with a power rating of 40 W uses 0.5 kWh a
day. For how many hours will the smartphone during this
day?
3. If it takes 45 s for the toast to be made, how much energy
is consumed if the electric current is 3.0 A and the voltage
is 120 V?
7. 1. A calculator uses 9 V battery and draws 0.1 ampere. How much
power does it use?
2. The current flowing in an appliance connected to a 120 V source
is 12 A. How much kilowatt hours of electrical energy does the
appliance use in 4 hours?
3. A refrigerator operates on the average for 10.0 hours a day. If the
power rating of the refrigerator is 700 W, how much electrical
energy does the refrigerator use in 1 day? (make sure to convert
to kW).
4. A television with a power rating of 200 W uses 0.8 kWh in one
day. For how many hours was the TV on during this day?
5. A rice cooker is plugged into an outlet with a voltage of 90. What
power does the rice cooker use if the current is 12 A?
9. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
• Damaged Insulation – causes electric shock upon contact
and can result to serious and fatal injuries.
• Overheating of Cables – large current flowing through the
conducting wires generates more heat that could melt the
insulation, causing to emit dangerous fumes or even catch
fire.
• Damp Conditions – appliance exposed on damped or wet
conditions.
10. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
• Overloading – Lines that carry more than the safe amount of
current are said to be overloaded. The resulting heat may be
sufficient to melt the insulation and start a fire.
• Short Circuit – when insulation that separates the wires in a
circuit melts and the wires are allowed to touch
11. Electrical Safety Devices and Features
• Circuit breakers – safety devices that can switch off the
electrical supply in a circuit automatically when there is an
overflow of current.
• Fuse – device included in an electrical circuit to prevent
excessive electrical flow. It consists of a thin piece of wire
which becomes hot when heated and melts when current
flowing through it is greater than its rated capacity.
12. Electrical Safety Devices and Features
• Double Insulation – safety feature in electrical wires that provides
two levels of insulation:
a. The electric cable insulated from the internal components of the
appliance.
b. The internal components are also insulated from the external
casing.
• Earthing – safety feature that is meant to protect the user from
electric shock. The ground wire, which is usually connected to the
metal casing of the appliance.