American Colonialization

1. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
Who is ‘JUAN DE LA CRUZ’?
How would you describe him?
(His physical appearance)
Why is ‘JDLC’ used in the Phil.
to represent the Filipino
in general?

2. ‘Juan de la Cruz is roughly
the equivalent of American
‘John Doe’ or ‘Uncle Sam’ in
the United States.
‘JDLC’ is usually depicted
wearing the native salakot
hat, Barong Tagalog, long
pants, and tsinelas or bakya
as footwear.

3. The term ‘Juan de la Cruz’
was coined by the Scottish-
born journalist Robert Mc
Culloch Dick, who was working
for the Manila Times in the
early 1900s. At that time, he
discovered that it was the
most common name in police
blotters.

4. In English-’John of the
Cross’, translated in Spanish
considering the majority of
Filipinos have acquired
Spanish names due to the
more than 300 years of
Spanish colonial rule in the
country.

5. Roman Catholic Church played an
important role in naming of the
newborn child--named after Christian
Saints
Filipino political activists often
refer to Juan de la Cruz as:
- dupe of US imperialism
- sidekick or scapegoat of Uncle
Sam (as editorial cartoons
depicted him as that)

6. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

7. PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
OF 1896
Also known as the Philippine-
Spanish war, was an armed
military conflict between the
Filipinos and the Spaniards. It
Began when patriots in the
country’s capital city of Manila
called a meeting to address the
discovery of the Katipunan

8. Secret Society by Spanish
authorities.
As a review, Katipunan is a
secessionist movement
founded by radical members
of La Liga Filipina (The
Philippine League)- the
Manila Chapter of the
Propaganda Movement.

9. The Madrid Chapter issued
the newspaper La Solidaridad
(The Solidarity) and was
published by Marcelo Del Pilar
with Jose Rizal, but in Spain,
they ran out of funds.

10. The Katipuneros, led by
Andres Bonifacio, converged
in Pugad Lawin-(present-day
Quezon City)- their meeting
was concluded with the
tearing of their cedulas-
(Spanish community tax
certificates) in defiance of
colonial rule. This event was
called ‘Cry of Pugad Lawin’.

11. By 1897-after the execution
of Rizal by the Spaniards and
the murder of Bonifacio by
Filipino traitors-the war would
end in a stalemate with the
signing of the Peace Treaty of
Biak-Na-Bato (in Bulacan)
where Emilio Aguinaldo and
his officials (Magdalo) agreed
to surrender to the Spaniards.

12. Aguinaldo negotiated a
deal with the Spanish
government that would pay
him a sum of $800,00(Mexican)
if he would go into self-exile.
Before Aguinaldo left for
Hongkong, he denounced the
Revolution, called on Filipino
combatants to disarm, and

13. declared that those who will
still be hostile to Spaniards
will be called ‘bandits’, but
many Filipino revolutionaries
continued their armed struggle
against the Spanish colonial
government despite Aguinaldo’s
absence.

14. PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
& SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
of 1898
United States Navy helped
Aguinaldo return to the Philippines
from his Hongkong exile and set up
the Primera Republica Filipina (First
Philippine Republic).

15. On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo
declared himself President of
the First Philippine Republic
and proclaimed independence
from Spain “under the
protection of the mighty and
humane North American Union
(US).”

16. Spanish-American War was
an armed military conflict
between Spain and U.S. from
April-August 1898. The war
started when Cuba independence
was rejected by Spain and
controlled other countries like
Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and
the Philippines.

17. The signing of Treaty of
Paris on December 10, 1898,
Spain ‘sold’ the Philippines
to the U.S. for $ 20,000,000
(American).

18. PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR
(1899-1902)
(reasons):
a. Philippine declaration of
independence was not
recognized by U.S. nor
Spain due to selling of the
Philippines in the Treaty of
Paris.

19. b. When on the night of
February 4, 1899, a Filipino
soldier was shot by an
American soldier in San
Juan Bridge. It became an
armed military conflict
between the U.S. and the
Philippines.

20. Malolos Congress declared
war on the U.S. on June 2,
1899, but the war officially
ended on July 4, 1902 – it is
estimated that for every
American soldier killed or
wounded in battle, 15 or
more Filipinos were murdered
in return.

21. Assignment: (computerized)
Research on the biography
and literary works of the ff.
writers:
* Juan Abad
* Aurelio Tolentino
* Severino Reyes