Science 10-Endocrine System

1. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
By: Leonel V. Rivas

2. LESSON OBJECTIVE
•Define endocrine system
•Enumerate the parts endocrine system and explain
its function
•Cite the importance of endocrine system

3. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce
hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction,
sleep, and mood, among other things.
• The word endocrine derives from the Greek words "endo,"
meaning within, and "crinis," meaning to secrete.

4. THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
The endocrine system is made up of:
1. Hypothalamus
2. pituitary gland,
3. thyroid gland,
4. parathyroid glands,
5. thymus
6. pancreas,
7. adrenal glands,
8. ovaries (in females) and
testicles (in males).

5. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR HORMONES
The endocrine system contains a group of glands that
release hormones into the body. The following table lists all
the major glands in the body, with their functions, locations,
and the hormones they release.

6. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR HORMONES
The endocrine system contains a group of glands that
release hormones into the body. The following table lists all
the major glands in the body, with their functions, locations,
and the hormones they release.

7. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR HORMONES
The endocrine system contains a group of glands that
release hormones into the body. The following table lists all
the major glands in the body, with their functions, locations,
and the hormones they release.

8. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus is located at the base of
the brain, near the optic chiasm where the
optic nerves behind each eye cross and
meet. The hypothalamus secretes
hormones that stimulate or suppress the
release of hormones in the pituitary gland,
in addition to controlling water balance,
sleep, temperature, appetite, and blood
pressure.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

9. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the
control center of the endocrine system. This is
because it controls and regulates the functions of
the other endocrine glands within the body.
Remarkably, this regulating gland located at the
base of the brain is no larger than the size of an
average pencil eraser. The pituitary gland is
connected to the brain via the hypothalamus.
Ensuring that the pituitary gland is healthy and
functioning properly is important to the body’s
overall well-being.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

10. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Parathyroid
The body has four parathyroid glands that are
located just behind the thyroid gland (which
is the center of the neck at the front). These
glands act as a type of thermostat or
regulator that controls the blood level of
calcium. It is essential to keep the blood level
of calcium under tight control because
calcium is needed inside just about every cell
in the body in order to keep that cell
functioning properly. When the blood level of
calcium is too high or too low bad things can
happen, even to the point of being life-
threatening.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

11. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Pancreas
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the
digestive system and endocrine system of
vertebrates. This endocrine gland produces
several important hormones, including insulin,
glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic
polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The
pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting
pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes
that assist digestion and absorption of
nutrients in the small intestine. These
enzymes help to further break down the
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the
chyme.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

12. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Thyroid
The thyroid gland controls how quickly the
body uses energy, makes proteins, and
controls how sensitive the body is to other
hormones. It participates in these
processes by producing thyroid hormones,
the principal ones being triiodothyronine
(T3) and thyroxine (sometimes referred to
as tetraiodothyronine(T4)).
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

13. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands are two small
structures that sit on top of the kidneys,
deep in the back, behind the abdominal
cavity and well beneath the back muscles.
Although they are small, usually weighing
each about a tenth of an ounce, they are
powerful factories that produce many
hormones that are critically important to
your overall health and well-being.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

14. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Ovaries
The ovaries are two small organs located
on either side of the uterus in a woman’s
body. They make hormones, including
estrogen, which trigger menstruation.
Every month, the ovaries release a tiny
egg. The egg makes its way down the
fallopian tube to potentially be fertilized.
This cycle of egg release is called
ovulation.
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

15. ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Testes
Testosterone is not only required for
normal sexual function, but also to
maintain normal bone and muscle mass,
red blood cell count and general well-
being. Thus men with low testosterone
may present with erectile dysfunction, low
libido, fatigue, loss of muscle strength,
anemia, and low bone density. Pituitary
tumors sometimes present this way and
these men may have a high level of
prolactin from the tumor that may also
cause a low testosterone
https://www.endocrineassociatesofwestvillage.com/patient-education/

16. QUIZ
•Read and understand the questions carefully
and write your answer on your quiz
notebook.

17. QUIZ
1-2. What is endocrine system?
3-18. Enumerate the glands that makes up the
endocrine system and cite its function.
19-20. What is the importance of the endocrine
system in our body?