Endocrine system

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. INTRODUCTION
 A structure which makes hormones in the body is called
endocrine system.
 They are also called ductless gland because they do not have
ducts to secrete their hormones.
 A group of endocrine gland which produces various hormones
is called endocrine system. It is also called hormonal system.
 Endocrine System helps in coordinating the activities of our
body.

3. VARIOUS ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 Hypothalamus
 Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid gland
 Thymus
 Pancreas
 Adrenal glands
 Testes
 Ovaries

4. HYPOTHALAMUS

5. HYPOTHALAMUS
 Hypothalamus is a portion of brain that contains a number
of small nuclei with a variety of function
 One of the most important functions of hypothalamus is
to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the
pituitary gland.

6. FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMUS
 The hypothalamus is responsible for Certain metabolic
processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous
system.
 If synthezies and secretes certain neurohormones often
called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones and
these in turn stimulate or inhibite the secretion of pituitary
hormones.
 The hypothalamus control body temperature,hunger,
fatigue,sleep etc.

7. PITUITARY GLAND

8. PITUITARY GLAND
 The pituitary gland,or hypothesis, is an endocrine gland
about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g in humans.
 It is composed of there lobes: anterior, intermediate and
posterior.

9. FUNCTION OF PITUITARY GLAND
 Growth
 Blood pressure
 Some aspects of pregnancy and childbirth including stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth
 Breast milk protection
 Sex organ function in both male and female
 Thyroid gland function
 The conversion of food into energy(metabolism)
 Water and osmolarity regulation of body
 Temperature regulation
 Pain relief

10. THYROID GLAND

11. THYROID GLAND
 The thyroid gland or just thyroid is one of the largest endocrine
gland and consist of two connected lobes.
 Each lobes is abot 5 cm long and 3 cm wide and 2 cm thick.
 The thyroid gland is a butterfly- shaped organ.
 The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage.
 IT secrete throxine hormones and also called T4.
 The thyroid also produce calcitonin,which plays a role in calcium
homeostasis.

12. FUNCTION OF THYROID GLAND
 The thyroid gland control how quickly the body uses
energy and make protein and controls how sensitive the
body to a other hormones.
 The hormones regulate the growth and rate of function of
many other systems in the body.

13. PARATHYROID

14. PARATHYROID
 There are four parathyroid glands and they are each
about the size of a grain of rice.
 Through they’re located near each other, the
parathyroid are not related to the thyroid gland.

15. FUNCTION OF PARATHYROID
 Parathyroid hormones regulates the body’s calcium levels.
 The parathyroid essentially helps the nervous system and
muscular system function properly

16. THYMUS
 The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system.
 The thymus is composed of two identical lobes and is
automatically in the anterior superior mediastinum,the front of
the heat and behind the sternum.
 Each lobes of thymus divided into a central medulla and
peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule.
 The thymus produces and secrete Thymosin.

17. FUNCTION OF THYMUS
 Helping the body protect itself against autoimmunity
which occurs when the immune system turns against itself.
 The thymus play a vital role in the lymphatic system and
endocrine system.
 Protects the body from certain threats, including viruses
and infection.

18. ADRENAL
 The adrenal glands are two glands that sits on top of your
kidneys that are made up of two distinct parts- The
adrenal cortex and The adrenal medulla.
 They are also known as suprarenal glands.
 The adrenal glands are two, triangular shaped organ that
measures about 1.5 inches in height and 3 inches in
length.

19. FUNCTION OF ADRENAL
 The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla have very
different functions. One of the main distinctions between
them is that the hormones released by the adrenal cortex
are necessary for life; those secreted by the medulla are
not.

20. PANCREAS
 The pancreas is unique in that it’s both an endocrine and
exocrine glands. In other words,the pancreas has the dual
function of secreting hormones in blood( endocrine) and
secreting enzyme through ducts(exocrine).
 It secrete insulin.

21. FUNCTION OF PANCREAS
 The pancreas maintains the body blood glucose ( sugar)
balance.
 Primary hormones of the pancreas includes insulin and
glucagon and both regulate blood glucose.
 Diabetes is the most common disorder associate with the
pancreas.

22. TESTES
 The testes are pair of sperm producing organs that
maintain the health of the male reproductive system.
 The testes are twin oval shaped organ about the size of a
large grape.
 They are located within the scrotum,which is the loose
pouch of the skin that hangs outside the body behind the
penis.

23. OVARIES
 The ovaries are oval shaped organ.
 They are located opposite ends of the pelvic wall,on either
side of the uterus.
 The ovaries are each attached to the fimbria.
 Ovaries produce and release two groups of sex hormones-
progesterone and estrogen.
 The ovaries maintain the health of the female reproduction
system.