EAPP Quarter2 - Module4_ Data Collection Methods & Tools for Research

1. English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Data Collection Methods and Tools
for Research
11

2. English for Academic and Professional Purposes Grade 11
Quarter 2 Module 4: Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research
First Edition, 2020
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Development Team of the Module
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Editors: Marilyn C. Braganza
Reviewers: Divilyn M. Rodriguez
Illustrator:
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena
Jinky B. Firman
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra
Aris B. Juanillo
May Ann M. Jumuad

3. 11
English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Data Collection Methods and Tools
for Research

4. 4
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the English Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
module on Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research.
The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help the
learners understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning
competency.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning.
Remind the learner that if there are things he/she doesn’t
understand, he/she must not hesitate to call for your help and assistance.
For the learner:
Welcome to the English Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
module on Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research.
The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help you
understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency.
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module. If there are things you don’t understand, do not hesitate to
call your facilitator / teacher for assistance.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer Let us Try before moving on to the other
activities in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
through with it.
We hope that you will find meaningful learning as you go through the
different activities in this module.

5. 5
Let Us Learn
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the preparation of different research instruments. The lesson is
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
The module has one lesson:
 Lesson 1 – Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the different types of research data collection methods and tools;
2. determine the guidelines in designing the various types of data collection
methods and tools
3. conduct survey and observation; and
4. write an effective survey questionnaire.
Let Us Try
Read the items carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What research term is used in gathering data on a specific topic of interest?
a. Research abstract
b. Research instrument
c. Research hypothesis
d. Research findings
2. Which characteristic of data collection tool requires consistent and secure
data?
a. accuracy
b. reliability
c. simplicity
d. validity
3. Which characteristic of data collection tool directly answers the research
questions?
a. accuracy
b. reliability
c. simplicity
d. validity
4. Which type of data collection tool contains planned questions that are used
to measure attitudes, perceptions, and opinions?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire

6. 6
5. Which type of data collection tool allows the researcher to qualitatively
gather data?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire
6. Which section of the questionnaire establishes rapport with interviewees?
a. Open-ended questions section
b. Personal information section
c. Basic questions section
d. Main questions section
7. Which section of a survey questionnaire explains the purpose and relevance
of the research to the respondents?
a. Open-ended questions section
b. Personal information section
c. Basic questions section
d. Main questions section
8. Which type of data collection method allows the description of behavior in a
naturalistic or laboratory setting?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire
9. What type of observation occurs when the researcher allows behaviors to
emerge?
a. Covert observation
b. Overt observation
c. Structured observation
d. Unstructured observation
10. What procedure is undertaken scientifically and systematically to make a
discovery and test hypothesis?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire
11.Which tool is more appropriate if a researcher needs more quantifiable data
to be analyzed?
a. exam
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire
12. Why should close ended questions be avoided during an interview?
a. They make participants anxious because of the short responses they
need to provide.
b. They do not help in establishing rapport with the interviewees.
c. They do not promote longer responses from the participants.
d. They do not usually reflect the research questions.

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13.Which of the following data collection methods usually involves open-ended
questions?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. observation
d. questionnaire
14. Which recording method is NOT appropriate to be used during an
observation?
a. Note taking
b. Audio recording
c. Video recording
d. Survey questionnaire
15.Which can help in determining whether the hypothesis should be rejected or
accepted during an experiment?
a. participants
b. questions
c. results
d. technology
Lesson
1
Data Collection Methods and Tools
for Research
Data Collection is an integral phase in any type of research study. When a
researcher fails to execute an effective data collection procedure, it can lead to
reporting invalid results. Thus, appropriate methods and tools should be used to
systematically collect information for every research.
Data collection methods set procedures for gathering data from all various
sources to answer the research problem, test the hypothesis and evaluate the
outcomes. Data Collection tools or research instruments are used to obtain,
measure, and analyze data from subjects around a certain research topic. These
tools should be designed effectively to arrive at accurate research data. The choice
of methods and tools depends on the nature of the research that will be carried out
and the type of data needed.
Let Us Study
Activity 1 – Agree or Disagree?
Have you ever interviewed somebody before? Have you ever conducted a survey?
Decide whether you agree or disagree with the following statements in gathering
data for a specific form of research. Tick the designated column of your choice.

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Agree Disagree Statements
1. There should be a preliminary research before
designing questions.
2. A researcher should only consider one type of data
collection method and tool for the study.
3. A researcher must seek advice from experts in
developing data collection method and tool.
4. Data collection method and tool should directly
address the research questions identified by the
researcher.
5. A researcher must refer to model instruments in
designing his/her research tools.
6. There is only one format appropriate for each type
of instrument.
7. Data collection tools such as questionnaires should
be submitted for validation.
8. Conducting pilot testing can be helpful in improving
the quality of a data gathering tool.
9. The number of respondents for the instrument
should be based on the amount of data the
researcher needs.
10.Data collection tools should be edited and revised
thoroughly to ensure validity and reliability.
How many statements from the given list did you agree with?
How should a researcher prepare his/her data collection tools?
What important insights can you share from your previous experience in
conducting research?
Data Gathering Methods and Tools
In conducting research, it is important that a suitable data gathering
method and tool are used to better serve the purpose of the study.
As explained by Taherdoost (2016), these methods and tools achieve
reliability by arriving at consistent and stable data, while validity is attained by
yielding accurate results. They are useful in conducting either quantitative or
qualitative research. The aim of quantitative research is to generate numerical data
through more structured collection methods while qualitative research purposely
explores trends in thoughts and opinions to gain insights about the identified
research problem. Below are the basic data collection methods and instruments
employed in research studies.

9. 9
Table 1. Data Collection Methods and Tools in Research
Data Collection
Method/Tool
Brief Description
Interview  involves oral questions and getting
answers from participants in a study.
 conducted either formally or informally
and can include structured or
unstructured forms.
Observation  requires an interaction of the researcher
with the phenomenon to be studied.
 researchers can carry out a direct or
structured observation.
Questionnaire  a well-organized series of questions
written to elicit responses from
respondents or research informants.
 researchers can design structured or
unstructured questionnaires based on
the type of responses they need from the
informants.
Experiment  a procedure done scientifically to
establish a discovery usually conducted
in a laboratory or in the natural setting.
Interview
This type of method qualitatively gathers data. The researcher and participants
interact and ideas are engendered in a discussion. Responses are often open-
ended that would bring out more relevant information for the researcher to address
the goals of the study. Aside from face to face interviews, some other avenues such
as phone or video conferencing technology can be used to carry out the data
gathering procedure. It consists of different stages. (Barrot and Sipacio 2016, 200)
1. Pre- Interview stage This stage gives the researcher time to prepare the
interview guide and respondents are identified and
contacted.
2. Warm-up stage This stage helps the researcher to build rapport with
the interviewee by asking questions that would help
him/her be comfortable.
3. Main Interview stage This stage lays down the questions relevant research
questions.

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4. Closing stage This stage directs the researcher to acknowledge
and thank the respondents for their participation
and cooperation.
Guidelines in Preparing Interview Questions
The following are some helpful strategies in preparing questions for an interview.
1. Interview questions should be relevant to research questions and must help
in achieving a better understanding of the research topic.
2. Open-ended questions should be designed to encourage longer responses
from the participants.
3. Questions should be delivered using simple language to avoid confusing the
identified participants.
4. Leading questions should be avoided to prevent forming any biases.
Observation
This method encourages the description of behavior in a naturalistic or
laboratory setting. It can cross-validate the results of other instruments.
Furthermore, it is beneficial to use when the respondents are not capable of
answering questions through oral or written form. The process also gives the
researcher the privilege to attain firsthand information about objects, and other
meaningful activities and attributes of the participants.
Below are some identified types of observation (Barrot and Sipacio 2016, 204)
Types of
Observation
Description
Participant  involves interaction among subjects and the
researcher/s for a specified duration.
Non Participant  participants are not informed about the observation
while the researcher does not have any direct
interaction with them.
Structured  conducted through identifying a list of behaviors
that the researcher aims to observe.
Unstructured  led by noting surfacing behaviors among
participants recorded by via an in-depth narrative
account
Covert  accomplished by ensuring that participants are
unaware of the observation process.
Overt  characterized by having participants that are
informed by an ongoing observation.

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Guidelines in Conducting Observations
According to Newbold in 2018, observations can help researchers better determine
how people behave in various settings and environmental factors. Below are some
helpful ways to effectively perform observations for a research study:
1. Determine the objectives of the observation.
2. Use an appropriate recording method. (eg. note-taking, video recording,
audio recording, etc.)
3. Identify what type of observation is needed for your research to get accurate
information.
4. Observe meticulously the behavior and environment of your participants.
This is to help you note certain behaviors, words, visuals, and other
observed data.
5. Analyze your data by making connections between interactions, responses,
behaviors, and other phenomena as cited.
Survey Questionnaire
A questionnaire seeks to provide a quantifiable data for research. It is a helpful tool
for collecting a great variety of information from many respondents. It lists written
questions to get specific information. Responses are relevantly distinguished by
using multiple choice type of test and rating scale.
Basic Parts of a Questionnaire (Barrot and Sipacio 2016, 202)
1. Personal Information section This part includes the relevant personal
information of the respondents (e.g. name,
date of birth, address, etc.)
2. Basic questions section This part establishes the right choice of
respondents.
3. Main questions section This part contains questions that are related
to the research questions. Ideally, this is
constructed in multiple choice type.
4. Open -ended questions
section
This part asks for a brief explanation or
response to an open-ended question.
Developing Questions in a Questionnaire
There are two common types of questions found in a survey questionnaire.
a. Close-ended question - This form requires fixed set of responses.
Basic types:
 Yes / No question can be easily answered with yes or no
 Multiple choice provides options in every item for respondents.
 Scaled question responses are graded on a given range
e.g. Likert scale – measures social attitudes
b. Open-ended question – This form does not indicate options for
respondents as they are encouraged to state their own words for their
answers in every item.

12. 12
The Likert Scale in Survey Questionnaires
A Likert Scale is a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions. With
this scale, respondents are asked to rate items on a level of agreement. It is usually
formed through using a five- or seven-point scale. Below are some examples of a
response set for Likert scales depending on the kind of variation indicated in the
research problem:
Response
Set
5 4 3 2 1
Agreement Strongly
Agree
Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Frequency Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never
Quality Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor
There are still some other response sets that researchers can explore which can
provide the right type of data needed for every research.
Guidelines in Designing a Questionnaire
1. Explain the purpose and relevance of the study and other important details
of the research using a cover letter.
2. Write questions in a brief manner including only necessary questions.
3. Write all instructions and questions in a simple language to avoid confusion.
4. Check for spelling and grammatical structures.
5. Write questions that would require objective responses.
6. Arrange items in the questionnaire logically.
7. Write questions in affirmative statements.
8. Avoid biased and discriminating questions.
9. Use an appropriate rating/Likert scale to yield accurate results.
10.Pilot the questionnaire to improve its quality.
Experiment
This method is intended for testing a hypothesis using the scientific method. It is
primarily conducted in pure and applied science research studies to predict a
phenomenon and better understand its cause and effect.
Types of Experiments
 Natural Experiment is conducted by making a prediction, establishing a
hypothesis, and gathering data through examining a system in which
variables are not controlled.
 Controlled Experiment is performed in laboratories through creating
control and experimental groups.
 Field Experiment is achieved in a real-world setting instead of laboratories.

13. 13
Steps to follow in accomplishing an experiment: (Barrot and Sipacio 2016, 206)
1. Note observations.
2. Build up a hypothesis.
3. Carry out the experiment. To achieve reliable results, the experiment can
also be redone.
4. Analyze the data gathered.
5. Determine through your results whether to accept or reject your
hypothesis.
Guidelines in Conducting an Experiment
1. Work with assigned authorities while accomplishing your results.
2. Conduct your experiment in a suitable and safe environment.
3. Maintain the cleanliness of your area and prepare necessary materials.
4. Make sure to restore the venue after the experiment.
5. Do not force participants to take part in your experiment.
Let Us Practice
Activity 2 - Writing Questions
Analyze the given contexts. You need to write 5 questions based on the situations
cited. Refer to each item for more detailed instructions. Consider the guidelines
discussed in designing your questions for this task.
A. Context 1 - You are a researcher. Your goal is to identify the roles played by
your family members by doing a survey. Write 5 questions that would help
you get the information you need:
Ex. Do you agree that eldest siblings should take the responsibility of doing
household chores?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
B. Context 2 – You are a TV host. Your goal is to find out how your family
members feel about being part of your household through an interview.
Write 5 questions that would help you get the information you need:
Ex. As a ________________, what do you think is your main responsibility at home?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________

14. 14
Guide Questions:
 What did you consider in writing the questions in each context?
 Are the questions for each context similar in structure? If not, how do they
differ?
Activity 3 Conducting a Survey
Using the questions you have framed in Activity 2.A, conduct a quick survey in
your household. Choose at least five respondents among the following family
members.
a) Mother
b) Father
c) Older/Younger Brother
d) Older/Younger Sister
e) Grandmother
f) Grandfather
Consolidate the answers of your respondents by answering the following questions:
1. What specific roles in the household were identified by your respondents?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Discuss some relevant findings you got from the data you have gathered.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Guide Questions:
 How did your questions help in achieving the information you need?
 How should a researcher create effective questions in a survey?
 What concrete steps should be considered to conduct a successful survey?

15. 15
Activity 4 - Exploring Survey Questionnaire Items
Study the sample survey questionnaire below and complete the tasks that follow.
Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level:
Age:_________
Directions: Tick the designated column that represents your behavior in learning and processing
information. Please respond to each statement as honestly as you can.
Questions Strongly
Agree
Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly
Disagree
1. I learn best by reading the
presentations during class
discussions
2. I remember lessons better
through listening than by
reading.
3. I understand my lessons better
when I participate during
hands-on activities.
4. I learn more when I take down
notes during a lecture for visual
review.
5. I learn more when I can
participate in exercises and
drills.
6. I remember lessons better when
they are presented through
graphs, pictures, and diagrams.
7. I perform best when I am able
to read instructions.
8. I learn more when I do things in
class.
9. I understand lessons better
when the teacher gives lectures.
10. I remember lessons well when I
read aloud my notes and other
content on my textbooks.

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Survey Questionnaire Checklist
Directions: Refer to the survey questionnaire above and accomplish the checklist
below. Tick the designated box for your answer.
Question Yes No
1. Are the items written in a brief manner?
2. Are the items written in simple language?
3. Are the items free from grammatical errors?
4. Are the items arranged in logical order?
5. Are the items written in affirmative statements?
6. Do the main items require objective responses?
7. Does the questionnaire contain any discriminating questions?
Write your answers in complete sentences.
1. What parts of the questionnaire can you identify in the sample above?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how the items were designed.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of words/structures were used to write the items in the
questionnaire?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think are the details of interest of the researcher?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Who do you think are the target respondents of the researcher?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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Let Us Practice More
Activity 5- Planning My Own Questionnaire
At this point of the lesson, you are tasked to start planning your own survey
questionnaire. Choose one among the following topics and research some relevant
information about it.
A) Fake News and Social Media
B) Filipino Youth and Social Media Addiction
C) Mental Health and Filipino Teenagers
Accomplish the template below using the topic you have chosen:
Topic
General Questions 1.
2.
3.
Target Respondents
Details of Interest 1.
2.
3.
Activity 6 - Writing My Own Questionnaire
Get ready to write your own questionnaire. With your answers in Activity 5, design
a 10-item survey questionnaire. Make sure to follow the guidelines in writing an
effective one. Use the template below. Add the necessary sections as discussed and
decide on the appropriate five-point Likert scale depending on the type of data you
need.
Questions
1.
2.

18. 18
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Rubric for Questionnaire Development
Excellent
5pts.
Good
3pts.
Fair
2pts.
Needs to
improve
1pt.
Question
Content
Questions were
relevant to the
cited topic.
Only some
questions were
relevant to the
topic (5-
6questions)
Only few questions
were relevant to
the topic (3-
4questions)
Questions
designed do not
lead to the cited
topic and needs
to be redeveloped.
Clarity of
questions
All questions
are clearly
written using
simple language
with suitable
choice of
responses.
Some questions
are clearly
written using
simple language
with suitable
choice of
responses.
Few questions are
clearly written
with suitable
choice of
responses.
Questions are
confusing and
should be
improved to suit
the choice of
responses.
Grammar All questions
are well written
following the
appropriate
grammar form.
Almost all
questions are
well written
following the
appropriate
grammar form.
Appropriate
grammar forms
are often applied.
Grammatical
forms of
questions need to
be improved.
Activity 7 - Writing Observations
In this activity, you are going to take the part of a researcher who is
conducting a study about social interactions by observing your own household.
Here, you are going to determine the behaviors of your family members as they
cope with the new normal setting in the recent health crisis. Write a 300-word
narrative about your observations. Use the guide questions below to complete your
narrative.
Guide questions:
1. What is the purpose of your observation?
2. Who are your respondents? Describe them.
3. How did you conduct your observation?

19. 19
4. What specific tools did you use in completing your observation?
5. What are some important details of your observation?
6. What can you infer from the data you have gathered?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Writing Observations
Excellent
5pts.
Good
3pts.
Fair
2pts.
Needs to
improve
1pt.
Content Writing directly
discusses the
observation made
citing complete
details.
Writing directly
discusses the
observation made
exploring some
details.
Writing directly
discusses the
observation made
but explored few
details.
Writing does not
directly discuss
the observation
made and lacks
details.
Structure and
Organization
Writing is very
clear and well-
organized.
Sentences are
carefully arranged
logically.
Writing is
basically clear
and well-
organized.
Sentences are
arranged logically.
Writing is unclear
and disorganized.
Sentences are not
arranged logically
Writing is unclear
and disorganized.
Sentences do not
express any
sense.
Grammar There are no more
than two
grammatical
errors.
There are no more
than four
grammatical
errors.
There are no more
than five
grammatical
errors.
There are several
grammatical
errors. Sentences
need to be
improved.

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Let Us Remember
 Data collection methods and tools are important aspects in accomplishing a
specific research study.
 There are various basic types of data collection methods and tools; these are:
interview, observation, survey, and experiment.
 Data collection tools or research instruments should achieve reliability and
validity to provide accurate results.
 A researcher should choose the most adequate data gathering method and tool
according to the type of data needed in the research study.
Let Us Assess
Read the items carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which among the following statements best describes a data collection tool?
a. It is a tool in research used to attain, assess, and analyze data from a
specified set of respondents.
b. It is a tool in research designed to identify the participants of the
study.
c. It is a tool in research written to evaluate the objectives of the study.
d. It is a tool in research used to achieve the purpose of the study.
2. What should be the basis in choosing the appropriate data collection method
and tool for a research?
a. participants of the study
b. budget of the researcher
c. nature of the research
d. venue of the study
3. Which data gathering tool can be used to achieve a set of qualitative data
with responses that are often open-ended?
a. Experiment
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Questionnaire
4. Which is tested in an experiment?
a. respondents’ honesty
b. hypothesis
c. questions
d. responses
5. The following statements are steps in writing effective questionnaire items,
EXCEPT:
a. Write questions that would require subjective responses.
b. Use simple language in writing questions.
c. Write questions in affirmative statements.
d. Arrange items in logical sequence.

21. 21
6. Which data collection tools gives quantifiable data through designing items
based on the details of interest of the research question?
a. Experiment
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Questionnaire
7. Which is used with respondents that are unable to answer questions in oral
and written forms?
a. Experiment
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Questionnaire
8. How can experiment results achieve reliability?
a. It should be redone to get more consistent results.
b. It should be done only by the teacher in charge.
c. It should be done in an isolated place.
d. It should be done by scientists.
9. What is the importance of pilot testing in preparing questionnaires?
a. To orient the respondents with the questions
b. To improve the quality of the questionnaire
c. To get more results from the respondents
d. To identify the right respondents
10.Why do we need to become thorough in observing the behavior of our
participants and their environment?
a. To perceive any valuable behaviors, words and other visuals that
would provide an accurate analysis of the observed data
b. To note meaningful behaviors of participants and give suggestions on
how to improve them
c. To determine the strengths of our participants
d. To value the experiences of our participants.
11.What best describes a structured observation?
a. It requires the researcher to have a list of behaviors that should be
observed.
b. It must be done without informing the participants.
c. It should be conducted in a certain laboratory.
d. It only notes surfacing behavior.
12.Why is it appropriate to use a simple language in designing questions?
a. It spares the researcher from the stress of the preparation of the
instrument.
b. It maximizes time in questionnaire administration.
c. It promotes the reliability of results.
d. It aids in comprehension.
13.Which part of the questionnaire helps the researcher determine the right
choice of respondents?
a. Open-ended questions section
b. Personal information section
c. Basic questions section
d. Main questions section

22. 22
14.Which of the following helps in determining the design of a research
questionnaire?
a. type of venue for the research
b. type of responses needed
c. type of respondents
d. type of research
15.How is an overt observation characterized?
a. The participants should not be informed of a scheduled observation.
b. The participant and the observer do not have a direct interaction.
c. The participants and the observer have a direct interaction.
d. The participant is made aware of an ongoing observation.
Let Us Enhance
Directions: Read the instructions carefully and accomplish the following
tasks.
A. Refer to your self-made questionnaire in Activity 5. Evaluate your own
questionnaire based on the checklist below.
Question Yes No
1. Are the items written in a brief manner?
2. Are the items written in simple language?
3. Are the items free from any grammatical error?
4. Are the items arranged in logical order?
5. Are the items written in affirmative statements?
6. Do the main items require objective responses?
7. Does the questionnaire contain any discriminating
questions?
1. Based on the results, discuss specific ways to improve your questionnaire.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Revise your questionnaire based on the findings and discussions you made.
Seek the advice of your subject teacher and attach your draft in the previous
activity.
B. Identify a research study which uses the experimental method. Discuss the
steps in data collection through a flow chart.

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Let Us Reflect
Learning the skills in using appropriate data collection methods and tools
would be very useful for you as a researcher, as this would make the tasks of
conducting various types of research a lot easier. Further, this new knowledge
would guide you in gathering reliable data to answer your identified research
questions. Thus, you would be assured of valid and accurate results that would
allow you to draw effective recommendations that would address your research
problem.

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Answer key to Activities

25. 25
References
Books:
Barrot, Jessie S. and Phillipe John F. Sepacio. Communicate Today:
English for Academic & Professional Purposes for Senior High School. Quezon City.
C&E Publishing, Inc. 2016 (200-208)
Online Sources:
Helmenstine, Anne Marie Ph.D. “Do You Know How to Conduct an Experiment?”
ThoughtCo. August 2, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-
experiment-607970
Jovancic, Nemanja. “5 Data Collection Methods for Obtaining Quantitative and
Qualitative Data.”. April 2, 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-
experiment-607970.
Kabir, Syed Muhammad S.. Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory
Approach for All Disciplines. Chittagong. Book Zone Publication. 2016.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325846992_PREPARING_QUESTI
ONNAIRE
McLeod, S. A. Likert scale. Simply Psychology. August 3, 2019
https://www.simplypsychology.org/likert-scale.html
Newbold, Curtis. “How to Conduct Observations for Research”. Newbold
Communication & Design. January 30, 2018 March 6, 2017.
https://unstick.me/create-interview-guide
Rucker, Mike. “How to Create an Interview Guide”. Unstickme. March 6, 2017.
https://unstick.me/create-interview-guide
.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Davao City Division
Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur
Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672
E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph