1. ii
12
English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Quarter 4: Module 10
Surveys, Experiments or Observations
2. iii
Grade Levels: Grade 11/12
Applied Track Subject: English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Quarter 4: Module 10 -Surveys, Experiments or Observations
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall
subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or
office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,
brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and
seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Pilita E. Ramirez
Editor: Ellen E. Edrial, EdD
Reviewer: Ellen E. Edrial, EdD
Illustrator: None
Layout Artist/ Typesetter: Josephine V. Austero
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Joeyleza M. Arcilla, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, EdD
Anna Lee A. Amores, EdD
3. iv
CONTENT PAGES
WHAT I KNOW ------------------------------------------------ 1
WHAT’S IN ------------------------------------------------ 1
WHAT’S NEW ------------------------------------------------ 2
WHAT IS IT ------------------------------------------------ 3
WHAT’S MORE ------------------------------------------------ 7
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED --------------------------------- 8
WHAT I CAN DO ---------------------------------------- 9
ASSESSMENT ------------------------------------------------ 11
ANSWER KEYS ------------------------------------------------ 12
REFERENCE LIST -------------------------------------------- 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4. 1
Task 1
Direction: Say anything about Survey, Experiment, and Observation in
relation to data collection. Do this on your notebook.
SURVEY EXPERIMENT
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_______________________ ____________________
OBSERVATION
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________
Task 2
Direction: Identify the situations that describe Survey, Experiment or
Observation.
To test the redesign of its website, an online bookseller
assembled 96 users of the site and randomly divided
them into two groups. One group used the new
website to make a purchase and one group used the
old website to make the same purchase. Users of the 1. _____________________
new site were able to complete the purchase 22% faster.
WHAT I KNOW
WHAT’S IN
5. 2
A researcher asks college students how many hours of
sleep they got on an average night and examines
whether the number of hours of sleep affects the 2. _____________________
students’ grades.
Parks Department employee wants to know if latex
paint is more durable than non- latex paint. She has
50 park benches painted with latex paint and has 50 3. _____________________
park benches painted with non – latex paint.
A grocery store conducts an online study in which
customers are randomly selected and asked to 4. __________________
provide feedback on their shopping experience.
You are a social psychologist partnering with a cultural
anthropologist to study how cultural values connect to 5. ____________________
college students’ perceptions of cheating in school.
Source: https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5e1f55f57527fb001caa7128/surveys-experiments-
and-observational-studies
Task 3
Direction: Evaluate the text and answer the questions below.
Caring Doctors Shorten and Ease the Common Colds
Researchers have found that among patients with colds, those who gave
their doctors perfect scores on a questionnaire measuring empathy have colds
that did not last long and were less severe. Empathy on the part of doctors
included making patients feel at ease, listening to their concerns, and showing
compassion. A total of 350 subjects who were experiencing the onset of a cold
were randomly assigned to one of three groups: no doctor-patient interaction,
standard interaction, and enhanced interaction. Only subjects in the third group
saw doctors who had been coached on being empathetic.
https://mathbitsnotebook.com
WHAT’S NEW
6. 3
PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. Is this a survey, an observation, or an experiment? How do you know?
2. What details of the research does the text include?
3 Was randomization used in the research? If so, how?
4. What conclusion can you draw from this text?
There are several methods of data collection and the most common are;
Survey, Experiments or Observations.
Let us familiarize the following terms:
A survey report presents a summary of all the responses that were
collected in a simple and visually appealing manner. It is also a type of
academic writing that uses research to provide information about a topic. It
involves questions that are formulated based on the research objective, to be
answered by respondents and later analyzed using appropriate data analysis
methods. To be able to disseminate the information from the survey, you
need to have good writing skills. Without good writing skills, the survey
report is at risk of being misrepresented or not explained well. When this
happens, the objective of the survey is not achieved, for it is the aim of
survey reports to present the survey data in a manner that is engaging and
understandable to various readers.
Source: https://www.elcomblus.com./write/survey.html
Experiment, in a strict sense is what we call a true experiment where the
researcher manipulates one variable, and control/ randomizes the rest of
the variables. It has a control group, the subjects have been randomly
assigned between the groups, and the researcher only tests one effect at a
time. According to Murdock (2020), in this method, you will randomly
select people and you need to split them into groups, and they will now your
control group.
WHAT IS IT
7. 4
An example of an experimental study:
Does the color of a basketball influence the number of times a shooter
sinks a basket? A random group of students is chosen and asked to shoot
a series of baskets using a regulation normal-colored basketball. The data
is recorded. The same group is then given a blue colored basketball and
the same number of shots is repeated. The data is again recorded. A
statistical analysis is performed. This is a designed experimental study
since the researcher manipulated the conditions of the study by changing
the color of the ball.
Source: https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/Statistics/STSurveys.html
Observation is used to describe the behavior of a subject. As the name
suggests, it is a way of collecting relevant information and data by
observing. It is also referred to as participatory study because the researcher
has to establish a link with the respondent and for this, he has to immerse
himself in the same setting as theirs. Only then can he use the observation
method to record and take notes. This is also used in cases where you want
to avoid an error that can be a result of bias during evaluation and
interpretation processes and a way to obtain objective data by watching a
participant and recording it for analysis at a later stage. Observation is
associated with a few ethical issues as it needs the full consent of a
research participant.
Example of Observation
One example of a study using observation would be when a researcher wants to study
how children manage sharing of toys. He could observe a group of children playing in
the classroom, and record what things they say or do that determine who gets to play
with a coveted toy.
Source: https://www.marketing91.com./observation.html
Preparing a Survey Instrument
A survey instrument usually has four parts:
• personal information section for participants/ respondents (this is
usually optional since, except for disclosing the gender and age and
other general demographic information, most participants wish to
remain anonymous)
• basic questions that establish the eligibility of the participants /
respondents
• main questions that are directly linked to research questions
• open – ended questions (optional)
Follow these steps when preparing a Survey Instrument:
8. 5
1. Do a preliminary research. You may visit your library or use online
sources for this.
2. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing survey
instruments.
3. Master the guidelines in preparing a questionnaire or interview guide.
4. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that the items indicated in
your survey instrument are directly related to each specific research
question.
5. Write the instrument using the appropriate format. Get model
instruments if needed.
6. Edit your instrument and match it with your research questions.
7. Revise when necessary.
8. Pilot your survey instrument to further improve its quality. This
means that you have to get some respondents (colleagues or a small
sample of the target respondents) to try to answer the instrument and
give you feedback. Then, revise the instrument accordingly.
Source: Academic Reading and Writing for Senior High School, p.205
Example:
An open-ended question, that is placed in a box form and will permit your
respondents to provide a unique answer. This kind of approach is able to
provide the respondents the freedom to say what they feel about a topic,
which provided you with an exploratory data that may unleash important
issues, opportunities, issues, or quotes.
1. What course will you enroll in college?
2. How will your chosen course influence your future career?
Ways in conducting Surveys, Experiments or Observations:
SURVEYS are done in three (3) steps:
1) by email; 2) telephone; and 3) personal interview.
To conduct an effective survey, follow these six steps:
1. Determine who will participate in the survey.
2. Decide the type of survey (mail, online, or in-person)
3. Design the survey questions and layout.
4. Distribute the survey.
5. Analyze the responses.
6. Write up the results.
9. 6
A SURVEY MAY BE YOUR BEST CHOICE WHEN:
• You need a quick and efficient way of getting information
• You need to reach a large number of people
• You need statistically valid information about a large number of
people
• The information you need isn't readily available through other means
Source: https://try.typeform.com/online/survey
Here are some strategies that can help you write an affective conclusion for
your survey:
1. Focus on satisfying your SURVEY goal. The conclusion must answer
the queries presented by your survey goals and objectives.
2. Make a synthesis not a summary.
3. Use an academic tone in writing the conclusion.
4. Avoid sentimentality.
EXPERIMENTS
There are ways steps to follow in conducting experiments:
1. Identify and define the problem.
2. Review relevant literature.
3. Formulate hypotheses and deduce their consequences.
4. Construct an experimental design.
5. Conduct the experiment.
6. Compile raw data and condense to usable form.
7. Present findings and conclusions.
https://www.instructables.com
OBSERVATIONS
According to Buensuceso, Dacanay, Manalo, and San Gabriel (2016),
Observation may take place in natural settings and involve the researcher
taking lengthy and descriptive notes of what is happening. Observation can
sometimes obtain more reliable information about certain things – for
example, how people actually behave. It can also serve as a technique for
verifying or nullifying information provided in face-to-face encounters.
People or environment can be observed. When environment is researched, it
can provide valuable background information that may inform other aspects
of the research.
Techniques for collecting data through observation:
Written descriptions
- The researcher makes written descriptions of the people, situations or
Environment.
10. 7
- Limitations include:
• Researcher might miss out on an observation as they are taking notes.
• The researcher may be focused on a particular event or situation.
• There is room for subjective interpretation of what is happening.
Video recording
- Allows the researcher to also record notes
- Limitations may include:
• People acting unnaturally towards the camera or others avoiding the
camera.
• The camera may not always see everything.
Photographs and artifacts
- Useful when there is a need to collect observable information or
phenomena such as buildings, neighborhoods, dress, and appearance.
- Artifacts include objects of significance – memorabilia, instruments,
tools and others.
Source: www.shsph.blogspot.com
Task 4
Direction: Accomplish the table below.
Write at least two (2)
information gathered
from the text
An excerpt from an Observation Report
A. Intellectual Functioning. Mr. A. was not able to respond to any
part of the verbal test and in most parts of the performance test. He
just echoed whatever he heard from the psychologist. It was noted,
however, that he could name familiar objects shown in pictures, such
as man (lalake), woman (babae), fox (aso), elephant, and he knows
how to count up to 15. It was also observed that he is able to perform
tasks that require copying or imitation, such as reproducing some
geometric illustrations and block designs shown and copying some
symbols presented to him. Developmentally, Mr. A.’s performance skill
is similar to an 8 ½ -year old child.
https://www.slideshare.net/ayeshayaqoob102/sample-psych-reports
1.
2.
An excerpt from a Survey Report
Still, the survey results indicate that students of color had more positive
perceptions of school-based law enforcement than they had of police in
their community. Among Black students, this difference is three tenths of
a point, and among Latino students, the difference is two tenths of a
1.
WHAT'S MORE
11. 8
point. In comparison, on average, White students’ perceptions about
police at school and their perceptions about police in the community
were much the same. Data displayed in exhibit 6 reflect students’
reported feelings of relative safety with police in their school, based on
one survey item as an example: I feel safer with the officer at school.
Among Black students in the sample, 59 percent reported that this
statement was “not at all true” or “a little true,” compared with
39 percent of the sample’s White students, 46 percent of Latino
students, and 37 percent of Asian students. The differences in these
responses between Black students and all other groups, between Whites
and Latinos, and between Asians and Latinos are statistically significant.
The disparities in students’ reported feelings of safety are similar to the
disparities in their average responses to all survey items assessing
perceptions of police in their school.
https://www.wested.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/resource-high-
school-students-perceptions-of-police.pdf
2.
An excerpt from an Experiment Report
The results supported my first hypothesis that sucrose would be the most easily
detectable sugar by the flies. Flies show a selectivity of response to sugars based on
molecular size and structure. Glucose, the smallest of the three sugars, is a
monosaccharide. The threshold value of glucose was the highest in this experiment
because a higher concentration of this small sugar was needed to elicit a positive
response. Maltose and sucrose are both disaccharides but not with the same
molecular weight or composition. It has been shown that flies respond better to alpha-
glucosidase derivatives than to beta-glucosidase derivatives (Dethier 1975). Because
sucrose is an alpha glucosidase derivative, it makes sense that the threshold value for
sucrose occurs at a lower concentration than that for maltose. This might also be the
reason why sucrose tastes so sweet to people.
https://www.hamilton.edu/documents/Sample%20Bio%20Lab%20Report.pdf
1.
2.
Task 5 REFLECT
Directions: Write your reflection in your notebook by completing the
unfinished statements below.
I have learned that _______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
I will apply _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
12. 9
Task 6
Directions:
A. Conduct a survey of your schoolmates (at least 30)
following the sample format stated below. Please follow
the ways in conducting a survey.
B. Gather the information of the survey conducted.
Note: This will be done through fb messenger, video/telephone, emails
or hardcopies of this survey guide will be given to those who don’t have
any access of the internet and availability of smartphones. Strictly NO
FACE TO FACE.
SURVEY GUIDE
The questionnaire asks you to provide feedback on your experience of
studying through modular approach. Please indicate how much you agree
with each of the following statements by marking the appropriate box for
each question.
Name: __________________________________________ (optional)
Agree Neither
Agree or
Disagree
Disagree Not
Applicable
1. The way the module materials were
presented helped to maintain my interest.
2. Resources I accessed through the Library
(e.g. journal articles) helped me to
understand the core concepts of the lessons
in the module.
3. The instructions on how to complete the
assessed tasks were easy to follow.
4.There was enough time in the study
planner to prepare for the end of module
assessment.
5. Sufficient opportunities were provided to
check my understanding on the module, for
example by completing the tasks/ activities.
6. I was satisfied with the support provided
by my subject teacher on this module.
7.My teacher used a friendly/personal tone in
WHAT I CAN DO
13. 10
feedback on my assessed tasks.
8.My teacher encouraged me in my studies.
9.I could get in touch with my teacher when
necessary.
10.My teacher’s feedback on assessed tasks
helped me to learn.
Source: https://try.typeform.com/online/survey
In gathering information, complete the table below.
Number of respondents who answered
the following responses:
Agree Neither
Agree or
Disagree
Disagree Not
Applicable
1. The way the module materials were
presented helped to maintain my interest.
2. Resources I accessed through the Library
(e.g. journal articles) helped me to
understand the core concepts of the lessons
in the module.
3. The instructions on how to complete the
assessed tasks were easy to follow.
4.There was enough time in the study
planner to prepare for the end of module
assessment.
5. Sufficient opportunities were provided to
check my understanding on the module, for
example by completing the tasks/ activities.
6. I was satisfied with the support provided
by my subject teacher on this module.
7.My teacher used a friendly/personal tone
in feedback on my assessed tasks.
8.My teacher encouraged me in my studies.
9.I could get in touch with my teacher when
necessary.
10.My teacher’s feedback on assessed tasks
helped me to learn.
Source: https://try.typeform.com/online/survey
14. 11
Task 6
Direction: Read and identify whether the following statements are TRUE or
FALSE. Write T if it is correct, and F, if otherwise.
____ 1. To avoid bias in observational studies and surveys, it is important to
select subjects randomly.
_____ 2. In a survey, it is important to assign subjects to treatments
randomly in order to make cause – effect conclusions.
____ 3. Surveys are applicable to a wide range of topics.
____ 4. Video recording is a technique for collecting data through
observation.
____ 5. Basic questions that establish the eligibility of the participants /
respondents must be taken into consideration in an experimental
study.
____ 6. Observation is also used in cases where you want to avoid an error
in the result of your study.
____ 7. In experiment, you will randomly select people and you need to split
them into groups, and they will now your control group.
____ 8. Without good writing skills, the survey report is at risk of being
misrepresented or not explained well.
____ 9. Survey involves questions that are formulated based on the research
objective, to be answered by respondents and later analyzed using
appropriate data analysis methods.
____ 10. An experiment may be your best choice when you need to reach a
large number of people.
ASSESSMENT
16. 13
Book
Saqueton, Grace M, (2016).English for Academic and Professional Purposes.
Pasig City: Rex Book Store.
Online Sources
Bhasin, H. (n. d.). Marketing Blog for Students and professionals.
Marketing91. https://www.marketing91.com./observation.html
COVID-19 Vaccine Update. Welcome to URMC-Rochester, NY-University of
Rochester Medical Center. (n. d.). https://www.urmc.rochester.edu
Roberts, D.R. and F. (n. d). Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies-
MathBitsNotebook(A2-CCSSMath).
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/Statistics/STSurveys.html
Surveys, experiments, and Observational Studies-Quiz. Quizizz. (n. d).
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5e1f55f57527fb001caa7128/.
https://www.olma.org/ourpages/auto/2017/9/15/36010421/Surveys_%2
0Experiments%20and%20Observational%20Studies.pdf
https://www.hawaii.edu/mauispeech/pdf/interviewschedule.pdf
https://try.typeform.com/online/survey
REFERENCES
17. 14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros
Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros
Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net
