2. product life cycle design vezzoli 14-15 (41)

Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
course System Design for Sustainability
TODAY:
2. INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
3. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY
3.1 Eco-efficient system innovation
3.2 System design for eco-efficiency
3.3 System design for eco-efficiency guidelines and examples
carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)
Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

Carlo Vezzoli
course System Design for Sustainability
subject 2. Introduction to product Life Cycle Design
learning resource 2.1
Introduction to product Life Cycle Design
carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)
Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

Carlo Vezzoli
CONTENTS
. Product environmental effects and requirements
. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
. Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional
. Introduction to Product Life Cycle Design criteria
. Resources minimisation
. Low impact resources selection
. Product life optimisation
. Material life extension
. Design for disassembly

Carlo Vezzoli
(product) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)
the discipline integrating
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
within the PRODUCT design process

Carlo Vezzoli
it is to design for minimizing product’s
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A
SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE
NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC
TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
input: substance extraction from the environment
output: substance emission in the environment
(not all impacts damage with the same entity)
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Carlo Vezzoli
INPUTS AND THEIR (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
RESOURCES EXHAUSTION
ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE
(damaging outputs of extractive processes)

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OUTPUTS AND THEIR (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
global warming (greenhouse effect)
ozone layer depletion
eutrophication
acidification
smog
toxicity
wastes
...

Carlo Vezzoli
CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
TO A PRODUCT?
AND HOW?
APPROACHES:
- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- FUNCTIONAL UNIT
EVALUATION METHOD:
- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN DESIGN

Carlo Vezzoli
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH
an extended design horizon
from product design
to the design of the product life cycle stages

Carlo Vezzoli
LIFE CYCLE
APPROACH
manufac.
assemb.
finish
collection
resource’sachieving
m
ater.
energy
produc.
package
trasp.
storage
other
product’s
life cycle

Carlo Vezzoli
from product design
the design “reference”
from product design
to product’s “function” design

Carlo Vezzoli
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED
(ASSESSED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE
PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE
FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION

Carlo Vezzoli
from product design
the design “reference”
from product design
to product’s “function” design
the environmental design “objective”
minimise the environmental impact of the whole of
the phases in relation to the functional unit

Carlo Vezzoli
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF
PRODUCT
LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
a quantitative method to assess the environmental
effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in
relation to its functional unit
ISO 14040

Carlo Vezzoli
e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span)
PRE-PROD.
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL

Carlo Vezzoli
e.g. LCA refrigerator (10 years life span)
PRE-PROD.
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL

Carlo Vezzoli
“the design of the product life cycle
stages that, while considering all
requirements, aims at minimising
the environmental impact of the
whole of the life cycle phases in
relation to the functional unit”
(Vezzoli & Manzini, Springer, London, 2008)
PRODUCT LYFE CYCLE DESIGN: DEFINITION

Carlo Vezzoli
LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA
RESOURCES MINIMISATION
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

Carlo Vezzoli
MATERAIL USE MINIMISATION
in all life cycle phases (as a whole)
ENERGY USE MINIMISATION
RESOURCES MINIMISATION
quantitative impact reduction
DESIGN FOR:

Carlo Vezzoli
Ikea Air sofa,
Ikea
EX. MATERIALS CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

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FRIA,
refrigerator,
Tischner
EX. ENERGIES CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

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RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY
RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
qualitative impact reduction
DESIGN FOR:

Carlo Vezzoli
rags for cleaning in
micro-fiber (no
need for
detergent)
EX. TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS MINIMISATION

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Solar
shuttle,
Kopf Umwelt
EX. ENERGY RENEWABILITY IMPROVEMENT

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gardening
vase in
mater-B,
cornstarch
bio-deg.
polimer by
Novamont
EX. MATERIAL BIO-COMPATIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

Carlo Vezzoli
RESOURCES RENEWABILITY
DEPENDS ON:
- RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED
- EXTRACTION FREQUENCY
a resource is renewable if:
a context related
anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate

Carlo Vezzoli
MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS
(USUALLY) “MISLEADING ”
DEPENDS ON:
- MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
- CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT

Carlo Vezzoli
DESIGN FOR:
EXTENDING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) LIFE SPAN
INTENSIFYING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) USE

Carlo Vezzoli
CARE, changing top>kids table>writing desk, Stokke
EX. PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

Carlo Vezzoli
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
PRE-PRODUCTION
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER
USE CONSUMPTION
USE
DISP.
P-PROD.
PROD.
DISTRIB.
UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS
CAUSING CONSUMPTION
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
DISPOSAL
same function in time
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE USE
AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
SHORT product/component life
EXTENDED product/component life

Carlo Vezzoli
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
use (function) during time
B 1 B 2 B 3A 1 A 2 A 3C 1 C 2 C 3
A 1 A 2 A 3
B 1 B 2 B 3
C 1 C 2 C 3
LIFESPANINDIPENDENTFROMLENGHTOFUSE
AVOIDED IMPACTS
products/components NOT INTENSE life
product/component INTENSE life

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DESIGN FOR:
RECYCLING
ENERGY RECOVERY
COMPOSTING

Carlo Vezzoli
PRE-
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
LANDFILL
PRE-
PRODUCTION
RECYCLING
COMBUSTION
COMPOSTING
PRE-PRODUCTION
material NON-EXTENDED life
material EXTENDED life
AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS

Carlo Vezzoli
MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMP.)
DIPENDS ON:
- SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS
performances recovery (and costs of process)
- PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE
- RECYCLING PHASES

Carlo Vezzoli
POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES:
(COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING)
. collection
. transportation
. separation (disassembly a/o crushing)
. identification
. cleaning
. secondary raw material’s production

Carlo Vezzoli
water
bottle for
easy
recycling,
EVIAN
EX. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

Carlo Vezzoli
> of parts/components
> of materials
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

Carlo Vezzoli
Mirra seat,
Herman Miller
EX. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

Carlo Vezzoli
some have been developed (according to ISO/TR
14062:2002 Environmental management - Integrating environmental
aspects into product design and development)
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN:
METHODS/TOOLS
…
UNEP-TUD (D4S) POLIMI-DIS (MPDS)

Carlo Vezzoli
(brief)
product
strategies
product
concept
product
design
ingegner.
PRODUCT DESIGN
PHASES
processes/tools
to orientate
processes/tools
envirnomental assesm.
LCA on reference
product for design:
es. SIMAPRO
sustainability-focused
ideas generation:
tavole eco-idee (ICS)
abrdiged LCA check:
es. SIMAPRO
qualitative check:
cecklist (ICS)
check of sustainability
design priorities:
sch. IPSA/radar (ICS)
environmental design
priorities identification:
sch. IPSA/radar (ICS)
most promising
concept selection
low environmental
impact
processes selection:
tools to orientate
specific environmental
issues es. idemat
abrdiged LCA on
potential impact
reduction:
es. SIMAPRO
qualitative check:
cecklist (ICS)
LCA of comparisonfor
environmental quality
communication:
es. SIMAPRO
MPDS: Method for Product Design for Environmental Sustainability
(developed and adopted by DIS-Polimi)

Carlo Vezzoli
… SOME OF THE MPDS TOOLS
free download at
www.lens.polimi.it / tools
Multicriteria Radar_ICS toolkit
Eco-idea tables_ICS toolkit
Idea 3
Idea 1
Idea 2
Checklist (guidelies related)_ICS toolkit

Carlo Vezzoli
if you want to know more about:
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
(LECTURER’S BIBLIOGRAPHY)

2. product life cycle design vezzoli 14-15 (41)

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