1. What is sociolinguistics?
Major Terms in Sociolinguistics
What is Sociolinguistics Analysis?
Example of Sociolinguistics
Micro-Sociolinguistics
Macro-Sociolinguistics
INTRODUCTION2
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
2. SOCIOLINGUISTICS- A STUDY OF
LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
• Sociolinguistics is made up of two words “socio”
means society and “linguistics” means scientific
study of language, so it studies;
i. How society affects language?
ii. How language affects society?
The interaction between the two creates changes in
language and the way we use language. So, it is the
study of language in its social context.
3. WILLIAM LABOV
• Sociolinguistics was first developed in 19th
century an appeared in 1960. it was pioneered
by William Labov in U.S.A . He is regarded as
the father of variationist sociolinguistics, which
is a discipline dedicated to understanding and
researching languages in relation to social
factors that include region, race , class, and
gender.
4. MAIN CONCEPTS
• Speech Community:
Discrete group of people who use language in a
unique and mutually accepted way among
themselves is called speech community.(
urdu/English)
• High and Low Prestige:
Speech habits are assigned a positive or a
negative value which is then applied to the
speaker.( Urdu/ English)
5. • Social NETWORK:
Social network refer to a particular speech community in terms of
relations between individual members in a community.( which social
group and with whom is interaction)
• I-Language And E-Language:
• I-Language:
• All which happens inside our minds is known as I-Language. Internal
language applies to the study of syntax and sementics in language on
the abstract level.
• E-Language :
All that happens among people in social contexts is called External
Language. It applies to the language in social context.i.e behavioral
habit shared by the community.
6. METHODOLOGY IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
There are five different style ranging from formal to casual.
• Word List Reading:
Having a subject read, the word list will elicit a formal register but
generally not as formal as minimal pair.
• Reading passage Style:
This style is next down on the formal register.
• Interview Style:
It is when an interviewer can finally get into eliciting a more
casual speech from the subject.
7. • Casual Style:
Tis type of speech is more difficult if not impossible to elicit
because of the observer’s paradox.
• Contact Language or Contact Linguistics:
Language contact occurs when two or more languages or
varieties interact. The study of language contact is called
contact Linguistics.
• Borrowing of Vocabulary:
The most common way through which languages influence
each other is by exchange of words.
8. • Adoption of other Language Features:
The influence can go deeper extendingto even exchanging basic
characteristics of a language such as morphology and grammar.
• Language Shift:
The results of the contact of two languages can be the
replacement of one by other(supra_srtatum over substratum)
• Stratal Influence:
When the people retain the features of substratum as they learn
the new language and pass these features on to their children ,
leading to development of a new variety.
• Pidginization And Creolization:
9. MICRO SOCIOLINGUISTICS
• As a linguistics dimension of society. It refers to research with
linguistics slant, often focusing on dialect and stylistic register
variation.
• Register: It refers to the variety of a language used in a particular
social setting or for particular reason.
• Micro Sociolinguistics refers to research with a linguistics
perception.
• It discusses phonological differences between dialact and
discourse variation between male and female speakers.
• It is driven with qualitative.
• MICRO Sociolinguistics in narrow sense is the study of language
in relation to society.
10. MACRO SOCIOLINGUISTICS
It looks at the behaviorsof entire speech communication
exploring issues such as why immigrant communities
retain their native language in some context but not in
others.
According to Coulmas;
Linguistics Dimension of society
It is a part of L2(SECOND LANGUAGE)
11. • Macro- Sociolinguistics focuses as social factors.
• It interactions berween language and dialact.
• Stabilization of minority language.
• It is the study of language in relation to society and
culture in comparative sense.
