Conversation Analysis of a Debate between Pervaiz Musharaf and Jaswant Singh on Bilateral Relationships ofIndia and Pakistan

1. Presented by: Komal Kazmi
by: PPP PP
Conversation Analysis of a Debate between Pervaiz
Musharaf and Jaswant Singh on Bilateral
Relationships of
India and Pakistan

2. Scheme of Presentation
 Introduction
 Statement of the problem
 Research Objectives
 Research Question
 Scope of study
 Delimitation
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Discussion/ Analysis


3. Introduction
 Casual interaction and verbal communication is the
core part of human social life
 CA focuses on the characteristics of spoken
interaction
 Harvey Sacks(1960) is the pioneer of CA
 Turn-taking in the conversation defines who is to
speak next (Sacks H, Schegloff EA, and Jefferson G
(1974)

4. Statement of the Problem
If the model does not fit in all situations, how do
different conversational styles affect the
participants' perception of each other?

5. Research Objectives
 to ascertain that the turn-taking patterns
have an impact on the conversation of the
speakers
 to determine that the different perspectives
of the participants have an impact on the
sequential orders in the turn-taking

6. Research Questions
 How do the turn taking patterns initiated by
the moderator have an impact on the
conversation of participants?
 What are the ways in which the different
perspectives of the participants change the
sequential orders in turn-taking?

7. Delimitation of the Study
 This study has been limited on the turn-
taking feature of the conversational analysis
only because of the time constraints, and a
video conversation between an Indian and
Pakistani politician will be analyzed.

8. Significance of the Study
Significance
 Since the pioneering works of Sacks in 1974 many
researchers have conducted studies in the different
domain of conversation analysis by using different
models, in different settings and taking different
samples. Former studies have been conducted in the
different cultures and contexts; therefore, the
present study would be beneficial for the students of
linguistics and researchers especially in the local
context because of its focus on important social
interaction aspect: turn-taking in conversation.

9. Significance of the Study
Literature Review
 Sacks and Jefferson (1974) define that the turn-taking is
basic principle of the social interaction and it determines the
structure of conversation
 Schegloff (2007) has defined the following important
components used in turn-taking. Adjacency pair; pre-
sequence; preference organization; repair; turn-taking and
gender; cultural variation in turn-taking; overlapping in turn
taking; eye-contact of the speakers and timing of the
conversation.

10. Significance of the Study
Contd…
 Turn-taking is a basic principle of organization in the
conversation (Oreström, 1983; Roger, Bull, & Smith, 1988;
Bailey, Plunkett & Scarpa, 1999; Schegloff, 2000; Bortfeld,
Leon, Bloom, Schober, & Brennan, 2001)

11. Significance of the Study
Methodology
 Qualitative approach
 Sequential Production Model (In accordance with model
turn-taking occurs at the point defined as: Transition
Relevance Place (TRP) which is at the completion of a turn
constructional unit (TCU)
 Jefferson's model for the transcription of the conversation

12. Significance of the Study
Contd….
 Data was collected from a recorded video conversation
taken from the internet-(YouTube)

13. Significance of the Study
Analysis
 Conversation among three participants
( Sebastian Tim, General(R)Musharaf and Jaswant Singh)
 Attitude
 Shared Knowledge
 Cultural background
 Style ( tone-choice, fall –rise and rising tone, tag questions)
 Culture (Dominant version, order of power, overt control)

14. Significance of the Study
Turn-Taking
 Convergence and back challenging responses
 Overlapping
 Turn-holding stance
 Transition Relevant Unit
 Face saving acts
 Organization ( Sequential order0
 Preferred and dis-prefered responses
 Paralinguistic features ( body movement and gestures, eye
contact)

15. Significance of the Study
Transcription
 M: <Well (0.2)as I said it is the stated position it has been our
position in the past but we need to look at the future>. [Tim: You
treat it as a game, I mean this is this is a conflict of verbal game↓
anyway but this is conflict which has costs THOUSAND of
THOUSAND of THOUSAND lives. Hasn't it ]
 [ J: You I'd like us treated us as a game, we don't feel]
 Tim: Will you telling me not take the repetitive scripts too seriously.
 J: they are repetitive because you want to emphasize the→
repetition .
 Tim: >I'm not the one who's saying these things, I'm not the one
who is going to the UNO over and repeating these things over and
over again. <

16. Significance of the Study
Conclusion – Findings
Turn-taking patterns initiated by the moderator has
affected the conversation of the participants by the
following ways:
 Disruption in the sequential order
 Confusion among participants
 Violation of the conversation rules
 Extended wait time
 Explanatory answers

17. Significance of the Study
Conclusion – Findings
 Tone-choice, overt control, tag questions (interrogative
utterances) overlapping used by the moderator
influenced the perspective of the participants.
 In the future the researchers can conduct similar study by
considering the impact of power-relation and influence of
personal relationship in cross-cultural conversation, and
also can analyze the other features of conversation
analysis in Pakistani context.

18. THANK YOU