Research Methodology

1. COLLECTING DATA
USING PRIMARY
SOURCES

2. DIFFERENCE IN METHOD OF
DATA COLLECTING
How was the information collected? Was it through a
structured or unstructured/ flexible format of data
collection?
How was the information gathered recorded? Was it in a
descriptive, narrative, categorical quantitative form or on
scale?

3. MAJOR APPROACHES TO
INFORMATION GATHERING
Primary sources
Measured, observed, interviewed, questionnaire
Secondary sources
Public health data, economic data, historical search etc.

4. COLLECTING DATA USING
PRIMARY SOURCES
Method for collecting data using primary sources
Observation
Interview
questionnaire

5. OBSERVATION
Observation is the recording of the behavior of the
sample.
Types of observation
Participant observation
non-participant observation

6. RECORDING OBSERVATION
Narrative recording
Using scales
Categorical recording
Recording on electronic device

7. THE INTERVIEW
Interview
any person to person interaction, either face to face or
otherwise between two or more individuals with a specific
purpose in mind is called an interview.

8. TYPES OF INTERVIEW
Structure interview
Researcher asked a preplanned or predetermined set
of questions using same wording and order.
Unstructured interview
Unstructured interview are more much causal and
unrehearsed. They depend on free flowing conversation.
Not preplanned question.

9. QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire: a written document based on different
open and close-ended questions with different purposes,
size and format.
It is used when the straightforward information is
required.

10. METHODS OF ADMINISTERING
A QUESTIONNAIRE
Mailed questionnaire
Collective administration
Administration of a public area

11. FORMS OF QUESTION
Open ended question
Possible response are not given
Respondents write down the answer in his/her words
Closed question
The investigator tick the category that best describes the
respondent’s answer.

12. METHODS OF DATA
COLLECTION IN QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Unstructured interview
in-depth interview
focus group interview
narratives
oral histories
Participant observation
Secondary sources

13. COLLECTING DATA USING
SECONDARY SOURCES
Both qualitative and quantitative research studies use
secondary sources.
Categories of secondary sources
Government or semi-government publications
Earlier research
Personal records
Mass media