Bio printing is an automated, computer-aided process of layer-by-layer deposition of biological materials to manufacture functional human organs. It was developed by Gabor Forgacs to address the shortage of donor organs, as each day 79 people receive organs but 18 will die waiting. The main methods are laser-based, extrusion-based, and inkjet-based. Applications include printing parts of hearts and faces, as well as liver tissue. Advantages are eliminating organ transplant waitlists and producing higher survival rates. However, challenges remain in ensuring organs can functionally integrate into the human body and reducing the high costs.

1. BIO PRINTING
Presented By
R.KrishnaMoorthy
JJ College of Arts & Science
Pudukkottai

2. What is Bio Printing?
Bio printing is an automated computer
aided layer-by-layer deposition of
biological materials for manufacturing
of functional human organs.
Developed by Gabor Forgacs, a
biophysicist from university of
Missouri in the US.

3. Why..?
Each day 79 receive
organ each day while
18 will die from a
lack of one
Most needed organs
are kidneys, livers,
lungs, hearts.

4. BEST QUALITIES OF THIS TECHNIQUE
RAPID PROTOTYPING
HIGH RESOLUTION
HIGH PRECISION
COMPUTER CONTROL

5. METHODS OF BIO PRINTING
LASER-BASED
EXTRUSION BASED
INKJET BASED

6.  Uses laser assisted technology to project
the ink droplets onto the substrate.
 Laser pulses trigger when hits the energy
absorbing layer, the area where the laser
hit evaporates and the high gas pressure
generated and it propels the biomaterial
onto the substrate.
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LASER BASED

7.  Reduced amounts of shear stress.
 The bio ink rests at the cylindrical
deposit waiting for the pneumatic or
mechanical pressure, as pulse or
continued, from a piston which
propels the biomaterial through a
nozzle onto the substrate.
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EXTRUSION BIOPRINTER

8.  Cheapest technology
 In this method ,the bio ink is stored in a cartridge .
 These chambers are very small and have a controlled actuator
(piezoelectric or heating element) that projects the bio- ink onto the
substrate.
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INKJET BIOPRINTER

9. Three Main Steps in Bio Printing Technology
Pre-processing
(CAD, blueprints, preconditioning)
Processing
(actual printing, solidification)
Post processing
(perfusion, post conditioning,
accelerated tissue maturation)

10. Process of creating a model that the
printer will later create and choosing the
material that will be used.
 Bio-ink and cartridge of hydrogel are
loaded in the bio printer and printed
on bio paper.
 Printer prints 2nd layer of the water
based gel , collagen and 2nd bio ink
cells.
 Bio paper dissolves and layer blend
together building up the human
organs.
Necessary to create a stable structure
from the biological material.

11. 3D BIO-PRINTING is the three-dimensional printing of
biological tissue and organs through the layering of living
cells. It has two major applications:
1.ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
It refers to transplantation of organs due to organ failure or
injury.
2.TISSUE ENGINEERING
It is the study of the growth of new connective tissue, or
organs, from cells.
3D BIO-PRINTING

12. Organ failure is a worldwide problem and
its only treatment is organ transplantation
or tissue replacement
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

13. TISSUE ENGINEERING
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 Focuses on the association of living cells with signaling molecules and supports,
known as scaffolds.
Importance of scaffolds
 Substrate attachment is required for cell growth and proliferation.
 Tissue construct must have organ specific shape, the shape of the construct will
influence the cell behavior;
 The scaffold serves not only as an attachment substrate, but also as a source of
inductive signals for cell differentiation, migration, proliferation and orientation;
 The mechanical properties provided initially by the scaffold will be maintained.

14. Applications of 3D printing

15. Human heart
Researchers at the University of
Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky
said they have successfully printed
parts of a human heart using by
printing with a combination of
human fat cells and collagen.

16. Human face
A man from Wales in the United
Kingdom was in a motorcycle accident in
2012 and he has now received 3D printed
implants on his face that successfully
fixed injuries he sustained. The project
was done by the Centre for Applied
Reconstructive Technologies in Surgery.

17. Liver tissue
In January, Organovo successfully printed samples
of human liver tissue that were distributed to an
outside laboratory for testing. The company is
aiming for commercial sales later at this year. The
sets of 24 samples take about 30 minutes to
produce. According to the company, the printed
tissue responds to drugs similarly to a regular
human liver.

18. Replace human tissue by full
body transplant.
Allows scientists to eliminate
the wait list of organ transplants
·
Higher survival rate of printed
cells.
Offers high precise resolution
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ADVANTAGES

19.  Organ is not sure about whether they
can fit into a human body .
 It will bring a major ethical and
moral debate on its use .
 Implanted organ can be rejected as
body cant accept them as functional
tissue.
 The cost of printers are very
expensive.
 Printing capabilities of complicated
tissues.
DISADVANTAGES

20. With the continuous growth of the
world’s population , and increase of
human life expectancy, more cases
of organ failure and tissue damage
appear .
Most common bio printing methods
were described and discussed with
their characteristics and limitations.
In terms of future perspectives for
this work, more bio print testing
would be needed to be done to
optimize the bio ink, substrate and
the process parameters.
CONCLUSION