Explain in English and Gujarati for Nursing Students GNM and BSc Nursing

2. • PANCREAS :
• Pancreas works as exocrine
gland and endocrine gland.
• Exocrine part is : 99% and
Endocrine part :1%, that is why
it is also called Heterocrine
gland (both endocrine and
exocrine).

3. • Location :
• Pancreas is located in
upper abdomen cavity
in left side.
• It is attached in the C -
Shape of Duodenum.
• It is just behind
stomach.

4. • Structure :
• Shape : It is Leaf shape organ.
• Size : It is 12 to15 Centimeters long
• Colour : light or yellowish pink
• Weight : approximately 80 to 100
grams.

5. PARTS OF PANCREAS :
• It is divided in 4 parts.
1. Head : The widest part of
the pancreas, it is in right
side of abdomen, nestled
in C- shape of duodenum.
2. Neck : It is thin part of pancreas, between the
head and the body of the pancreas.
3. Body : It is middle part of the pancreas between
the neck and the tail.
4. Tail : It is thin tip of pancreas in left side of
abdomen, touched to the spleen.

6. FUNCTIONS OF PANCREAS :
Exdocrine Function Endocrine Function
99 % part 1 % part
Pancreatic
Juice
Hormones
Digestive tract Blood stream

7. • Endocrine function :
• There are clusters of cells present on
pancreas, known as pancreatic islets.
• They also called islets of langerhans,
because; discovered by Paul Langerhans.
• More islets found in tail of pancreas.
• 4 types of cells; on islets of langerhans.

8. :: 4 types of Cells of langerhans ::
1 2 3 4
Alpha
Cells
Beta
Cells
Delta
Cells
F (PP)
Cells
20 % 75 % 4 % 1 %
Glucagon Insulin
Somato-
statin
Poly-
peptide

9. :: 4 types of Cells of langerhans ::
1
Pancreatic
Juice
2
3
4

10. • [A] Beta Cells :
• Beta cells produce Insulin hormone.
• Insulin also called anti-diabetic hormone.
• Insulin - first protein produced in laboratory.
• Diabetes : a glucose level increases in blood.
• Insulin is only hormone - decreases that level.
• Functions :
1. Insulin lowers raised glucose level in blood.
2. Convert glucose to glycogen ( It is in storage
form of glucose), and store in fat, liver etc. Is
is called Glucogenesis.

11. • [2] Alpha cells :
• Alpha cells produce Glucagon hormone.
• Functions :
1. Glucagon increase glucose level in blood. It
is opposite function of Insulin
2. Glucagon convert glycogen in glucose and
provide to body through blood for energy.
3. It is breaking stored glucose and release in
blood. It is called Glycogenolysis.

12. • [3] Delta cells :
• Delta cells produce Somatostatin hormone.
• Functions :
1. Suppress the action of insulin and glucagon.
2. Inhibit growth hormone of anterior pituitary
gland.

13. • [4] F-cells (PP cells) :
• These cells are only 1% of langerhans cells
and they release pancreatic polypeptide.
• They regulate activities of both exocrine
and endocrine functions of pancreas.