Adrenal glands in Gujarati and English language for Nursing students

2. • ADRENAL GLANDS :
• The adrenal glands are also
called the supra renal glands.
• Adrenal glands were discovered by scientist
Eustachious .
• They are also called Life saving glands because
responsible for functions like water and
electrolytes balance, blood volume etc.

3. • Location :
• There are two adrenal
glands. Both are located
on upper edge of each
kidney; right and left.
• They are located like a
cap on kidneys.

4. • Colour : Yellowish in colour from out side.
They are coverd by capsule.
• Shape : Right gland is pyramidal in shape,
Left gland is semi-lunar shape.
• Size : 4-cm long, 3-cm width, 1-cm Thick.
• Weight : 4 grams
STRUCTURE :

5. • The adrenal glands have two parts, Outer part is
Adrenal cortex and inner part is called Adrenal
medulla.
• Both have different functions. Functions of adrenal
glands are regulated by Anterior Pituitary gland.

6. :: Adrenal gland ::
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
(80%) part of gland (20%) part of gland
It is outer region It is inner region
Colour : yellowish Colour : Brownish
Three zones No zones
Produce :
Corticosteroids
Produce : Stress
hormone
1
2
3
4
5

7. :: [A] ADRENAL CORTEX ::
• Produce Steroid hormones.
Also called Corticosteroids or
Adrenocortical Hormones.
• Cortex part is made up of three
layers (zones), these three zones
secrete three hormones.

8. :: 3 Zones of Adrenal Cortex ::
Name of Zones : Corticosteroids :
Mineralocorticoids :
Glucocorticoieds :
Sex hormones :
Zona glomerulosa :
1
Zona Fasciculata :
2
Zona retucularis :
3
1
2
3

9. • It is also called life saving hormone.
• It maintains blood volume in body, maintain
blood pressure,
• Aldosterone is main hormone, in
mineralcorticoids. Maintain water and
electrolytes balance in body.
• Act on sodium and Potassium : Reabsorb
sodium in body - increase sodium, eliminate
Potassium in renal tubules - decrease
potassium.
[1] Minerlorticoids :

10. • It is also called life protective hormone;
protecting stress, trauma.
• Acts on glucose metabolism.
• Three types of Glucocorticoids are :
1. Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) :
2. Corticosterone :
3. Cortisone :
• Breakdown of Glycogen in in Glucose.
Provide energy to withstand against stress.
[2] Glucocorticoids :

11. :: [3] Adrenal Sex Hormone ::
Male Female
Androgen Oestrogen and
Progesterone
Male
Characteristics
after puberty
Feminine
Characteristics
Menstrual Cycle

12. • Central part of adrenal gland.
• Produce two hormones,
• Both hormones of adrenal
medulla are called :
catecholamines.
:: [B] ADRENAL MEDULLA ::
• Hormones create fight of flight response in
body : short term, immediate stress. Sudden
trauma, injury, stress etc.
• Activate sympathetic nervous system
• Increase blood glucose.

13. Adrenaline : 80 % Noradrenaline: 20%
1 2
:: [B] ADRENAL MEDULLA ::
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
Functions : Functions :
• Acting on heart
• Increase heart rate
• Constrict blood vessels,
• increase blood pressure
• Decrease digestion