mineral, ore, mine, oil, gas, coal, ash, placer deposit, aquifer, carbonization, fracking, natural gas, North Carolina, deposits, Wind, renewable, non renewable

1. Resources
renewable and non-renewable
Evaluate alternative energy technologies for use in North Carolina.
Created by Kella Randolph, M.Ed.

2. How to use this slide show
• This slide show was created to help students begin their own
individual research into some environmental issues that we face
today.
• Many pages have illustrations as well as links to follow.
• Some information is given with illustrations, but students should not
stop reading there. The brief information given is only meant to be a
springboard to further research.

3. nonrenewable
resources
The earth provides resources that are
exploitable by humans for useful purposes.
Some of these are non-renewable resources,
such as fossil fuels, that are difficult to replenish
on a short time scale.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth
Non-Renewable Energy
Non-Renewable energy is the energy which is
taken from the sources that are available on the
earth in limited quantity and will vanish fifty-
sixty years from now. Non-renewable sources
are not environmental friendly and can have
serious affect on our health. They are called
non-renewable because they cannot be re-
generated within a short span of time. Non-
renewable sources exist in the form of fossil
fuels, natural gas, oil and coal.
- See more at: http://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/#sthash.gUHEPJ1M.dpuf

4. renewable resources
re·new·a·ble
(rĭ-no͞o′ə-bəl, -nyo͞o′-)
adj.
Relating to or being a commodity or
resource, such as solar energy or firewood,
that is inexhaustible or replaceable by new
growth.
http://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Renewable+Energy

5. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
harmonscience6.wikispaces.com

6. Source for the next three slides:
The U.S. Geological Survey, Facts About Minerals (National Mining Association);
Mineral Information Institute; the Energy Information Administration
• Uses of silica, uranium, and lithium
• http://www.nma.org/index.php/minerals-publications/40-common-minerals-and-their-uses

7. Uses of silica
Silica
• Aluminum and aluminum alloy producers and
the chemical industry are major users of
silicon metal. Silica is also used in
manufacture of computer chips, glass and
refractory materials; ceramics; abrasives;
water filtration; component of hydraulic
cements; filler in cosmetics, pharmaceutical,
paper, insecticides; anti-caking agent in
foods; flatting agent in paints; thermal
insulator; and photovoltaic cells. China is the
leading producer. The U.S. was 36 percent
reliant on metallurgical grade silicon metal in
2012.

8. Uses of uranium
• Nearly 20 percent of America's
electricity is produced using
uranium in nuclear generation. It
is also used for nuclear
medicine, atomic dating,
powering nuclear submarines
and other uses in the U.S.
defense system. The U.S.
received 83 percent of its
uranium from other countries in
2012.

9. Uses of lithium
• Compounds are used in ceramics and
glass; batteries; lubricating greases;
air treatment; in primary aluminum
production; in the manufacture of
lubricants and greases; rocket
propellants; vitamin A synthesis; silver
solder; batteries; medicine. Lithium
ion batteries have become a
substitute for nickel-cadmium
batteries in hand held/portable
electronic devices. There is one brine
operation in Nevada. Australia, Chile
and China are major producers. The
U.S. was more than 70 percent reliant
for lithium in 2012.

10. Some non-renewable energy sources:
The original organic material, with the aid of heat and
pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and
metal ores, fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural
gas), nuclear fuels, and groundwater in certain aquifers are all
non-renewable resources. ( Below is a photo of uranium ore.)

11. Metal ores and Earth minerals
• Metals are often extracted from the Earth by
means of mining, resulting in ores that are
relatively rich sources of the requisite
elements. Ore is located by prospecting
techniques, followed by the exploration and
examination of deposits.
Silver mine Uranium mine
• Mineral sources are generally divided into
surface mines, which are mined by excavation
using heavy equipment, and subsurface
mines. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal
Salt mine

12. lode
lode (lōd) n. The metalliferous ore that fills a
fissure in a rock formation. b. A vein of
mineral ore deposited between clearly
demarcated layers of rock.
This is gold.

13. Earth minerals
A rare earth mineral is a mineral which
contains one or more rare earth elements as
major metal constituents. Rare earth
minerals are usually found in association with
alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes, in
pegmatites associated with alkaline magmas
and in or associated with carbonatite
intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are
common hosts to rare earth elements within
the alkaline complexes. Mantle derived
carbonate melts also are carriers of the rare
earths. Hydrothermal deposits associated
with alkaline magmatism contain a variety of
rare earth minerals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_min
eral

14. Water in certain
aquafers
In certain areas, water has been trapped
underground by impermeable rock deposits. No
new water can enter to replenish this aquafer.
So unlike a “regular” aquafer, when humans drill
and extract this ancient water, the supply only
gets lower. No new water seeps into the supply.
Eventually all of this water will be gone, and the
land above the empty space will at some time
sink to fill the cavern.
Denver Basin Aquifers www.douglas.co.us
Saudi Kingdom Tapping non-renewable Aquifers
for Farming www.juancole.com

15. Coal
A coal mine in Wyoming, United States. Coal,
produced over millions of years, is a finite and non-
renewable resource on a human time scale.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-
renewable_resource
To learn why the Dan River coal ash spill is such a
huge disaster, please click on the link below.
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2014/02/19/
arsenic-levels-rising-in-nc-river-hit-by-coal-ash-
disaster/
Despite legislation meant to enact safety practices
to prevent coal miners from getting black lung
disease, workers are still being exposed to high
levels of dust. Breathing coal dust causes black
lung disease, which can be accompanied by
coughing, congestion and difficulty with breathing,
and is debilitating and irreversible. More than
10,000 miners died from it nationwide between
1995 and 2004.
http://video.pbs.org/widget/partnerplayer/22546
07310/?start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&endscre
en=false&topbar=true&autoplay=false

16. North Carolina
Natural Gas
State Turning to Fracking to Create Jobs
580 x 266 149.4KB
www.nasdaq.com
USGS.gov

17. Hydro-fracking
destroys the clean
water supply.
800 x 533 79.9KB
www.catawbariverkeeper.org

18. Oil (petroleum)
Oil refinery
An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where
crude oil is processed and refined into useful
petroleum products.
Raw oil or unprocessed ("crude") oil is not very useful
in the form it comes in out of the ground.
Oil needs to be separated into parts and refined before
use in fuels and lubricants, and before some of the
byproducts could be used in petrochemical processes
to form materials such as plastics, and foams.
Petroleum fossil fuels are used in ship, automobile and
aircraft engines.
These different hydrocarbons have different boiling
points, which means they can be separated by
distillation.
Since the lighter liquid elements are in great demand
for use in internal combustion engines, a modern
refinery will convert heavy hydrocarbons and lighter
gaseous elements into these higher value products
using complex and energy intensive processes.
Note: This article excerpts material from the Wikipedia article "Oil
refinery", which is released under the GNU Free Documentation
License.

19. placer deposit
placer deposit, natural concentration of
heavy minerals caused by the effect of
gravity on moving particles.

20. uses of mineral
resources

21. What are rocks, ores, and minerals?

22. Some mineral deposits mined in North Carolina

24. Another name for a
fossil fuel is a hydro-
carbon
hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic
chemical compounds composed only of the
elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The
carbon atoms join together to form the
framework of the compound; the hydrogen
atoms attach to them in many different
configurations. Hydrocarbons are the
principal constituents of petroleum and
natural gas. They serve as fuels and
lubricants as well as raw materials for the
production of plastics, fibres, rubbers,
solvents, explosives, and industrial chemicals.

25. carbonization
Carbonization (or carbonisation) is the term for
the conversion of an organic substance into
carbon or a carbon-containing residue through
pyrolysis or destructive distillation. It is often
used in organic chemistry with reference to the
generation of coal gas and coal tar from raw
coal. Fossil fuels generally are the products of
the carbonization of vegetable matter. The term
carbonization is also applied to the pyrolysis of
coal to produce coke. Carbonization is also a
stage in the charcoal making process, and is
considered the most important step of all since
it has such power to influence the whole
process from the growing tree to the final
distribution of charcoal to various sources.[1]
In the wool processing industry, carbonising[2] is
the name for a chemical process by which
vegetable matter is removed from wool, it is
part of the wool scouring process.

26. petrochemical
petrochemical, in the strictest sense, any of
a large group of chemicals (as distinct from
fuels) derived from petroleum and natural
gas and used for a variety of commercial
purposes. The definition, however, has been
broadened to include the whole range of
aliphatic, aromatic, and naphthenic organic
chemicals, as well as carbon black and such
inorganic materials as sulfur and ammonia. In
many instances, a specific chemical included
among the petrochemicals may also be
obtained from other sources, such as coal,
coke, or vegetable products. For example,
materials such as benzene and naphthalene
can be made from petroleum.

27. environmental problems
with fossil fuels
Natural Gas Fracking and the Environment:
What About Water Use?
Drilling for natural gas using high volume
hydraulic fracturing techniques requires a lot
of freshwater. Obtaining that water can put
additional pressures on water-stressed
environments.
http://environment.about.com/od/fossilfuels
/fl/Natural-Gas-Fracking-and-the-
Environment-Water-Use.htm

28. Problems with the
pipeline
There has been vocal opposition to the project from
aboriginal groups, environmental groups, and a fluctuating
proportion of Canadian citizens. A major worry is the risk of
spills along the pipeline, which crosses fragile habitats. The
developing company, Enbridge, has a spotty record when it
comes to spills and other environmental violations. They are
responsible for the largest inland oil spill in US history, when
nearly a million gallons of crude oil originating from
Canadian tar sands spilled in a tributary of the Kalamazoo
River, in Michigan.
Another concern is the risks to coastal habitats as large
tankers will have to maneuver in and out of the bay where
Kitimat is located. Crude oil from tar sands is particularly
heavy and a large proportion of it sinks when spilled in
water, worsening the impacts on marine habitats and
making cleanup more difficult. Beyond the environmental
concerns, there are worries that these new industrial
activities in the region will drive away tourism and cost non-
oil industry jobs.
http://environment.about.com/od/fossilfuels/fl/What-is-
the-Northern-Gateway-Pipeline-and-Why-Does-It-Worry-So-
Many.htm

29. Alternative Energies in the U.S.
• http://www.acwf.org/renewable-energy-north-
carolina
•
• http://www.alternativeenergync.com/
•
• http://sogpubs.unc.edu//electronicversions/pg/pgspsm
08/article2.pdf?
•
• http://www.altenergy.org/

30. • Where Alternative Energy (non-
fossil) sources are being used in
North Carolina
http://www.acwf.org/renewable-
energy-north-carolina
http://www.alternativeenergync.
com/
http://sogpubs.unc.edu//electroni
cversions/pg/pgspsm08/article2.
pdf?
http://www.altenergy.org/
There is actually a wide variety of renewable energy resources
in NC. Which renewable energy options are available to you
depend on your geographical area in North Carolina and the
way your home is built or retrofitted.
 Wind
 Solar
 Tides
 Rain
 Geothermal heat
 Biofuels
 Hydropower
These are just a portion of the renewable energy sources that
are currently being used in North Carolina. New renewable
energy sources are being discovered every single day, giving
consumers everywhere more control over where their energy
comes from and how much they have to pay for it.

31. These slides and links will help you to find more.
Usually, if you right-click on a link, and then select “open in a new tab” you can go
to the linked site and not lose your place in the slide show.