This document summarizes a presentation on a short range radar system called RANGEFINDER. It describes the components used including an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, and servo motor. It explains how the radar works by transmitting radio waves and detecting their reflection to determine an object's distance and direction. Programming in Arduino IDE and Processing were used to control the components and display the radar readings visually.

1. A Presentation on
A Short Range Radar System
“RANGEFINDER”
Under Supervision of -
Er. Ompal
(Dept. of ECE)
Presented by -
Kaushlendra Singh
M.Sc.(Electronics Science)

2. LIST OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION OF RADAR
 PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF RADAR
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 SOFTWARE USED FOR OPERATION
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS FLOW
 A LOOK AT FINAL PROJECT
 APPLICATIONS OF RADAR
 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGE OF RADAR
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 In this project, I will show you how to design a simple Radar
Application using Arduino and Processing.
 This Arduino Radar Project is implemented with the help of
Processing Application.
 Radar is a long-range object detection system that uses radio
waves to establish certain parameters of an object like its
distance and direction.
 Radar technology is used in aircrafts, missiles, marine, weather
predictions and automobiles.
 I will be using an Ultrasonic Sensor to determine the presence
of any object in a particular range.

4. RADAR
 It is an object detection system.
 Transmitter producing electromagnetic waves.
 It uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of
objects.
 It used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles,
motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.

5. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF RADAR

6. COMPONENT REQUIRED
Arduino UNO Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04 Servo Motor SG90
Breadboard Jumper Wires

7. ARDUINO UNO
 The Arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328.
 It has 14 digital Input/Output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz ceramic resonator,
USB connection, a power jack and a reset button.
 It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

8. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
 Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P
 Operating Voltage: 5 Volt
 Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB
 EEPROM: 1 KB
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

9. BOARD DESCRIPTION

10. SERVO MOTOR
 A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control
of angular position, velocity and acceleration.
 It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback.
 Servomotors are used in applications such as robotics, CNC
machinery or automated manufacturing.

11. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 Operating Voltage: +5V typically
 Torque: 2.5kg/cm
 Operating speed: 0.1s/60°
 Gear Type: Plastic
 Rotation : 0°-180°
 Weight of motor : 9gm
 Temperature range : 0°-55°

12. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm -40cm
non-contact measurement function, the ranging accuracy can
reach to 3mm.
 The modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and
control circuit.
 The basic principle of work:
 Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal,
 The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect
whether there is a pulse signal back.
 IF the signal back, through high level , time of high output IO
duration is the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.
 Test distance = high level time × velocity of sound (340m/S)/2.

13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 Power Supply :+5V DC
 Working Current: 15mA
 Effectual Angle: <15°
 Ranging Distance : 2cm – 40cm
 Resolution : 0.3 cm
 Measuring Angle: 30 degree
 Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS

14. SOFTWARE USED FOR OPERATION
Arduino IDE Processing 3

15. EXPERIMENTAL-PROCESS FLOW
 Design of Ultrasonic RADAR antenna.
 Design of rotating mechanism for antenna.
 Connection among the arduino uno, servo motor and ultra
sonic sensor with the help of jumper wires.
 Implementation of trans-receiver program with Arduino UNO
microcontroller.
 Visual output of the RADAR in screen with PROCESSING
tool.
 Assembling all the electronic parts in plastic case.

16. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

17. PROGRAMMING ARDUINO UNO
 Arduino Uno micro controller board was connected with Pc or
Laptop via standard USB cable.
 The program codes were written in C compiler based Arduino
IDE.

18. PROGRAMMING PROCESSING TOOL FOR
RADAR SCREEN VISUAL
 Serial output data of Arduino contains
present status of rotation angle and
measured distance by two sensors
in centimeter.
 These three serial output parameters were transferred to
PROCESSING 3 environment Software.
 With the help of java script coding a visual interface was
developed and using the serial o/p parameters from
Arduino, real time visualization of the dual RADAR was
developed.

19. A LOOK AT FINAL PROJECT

20. PERFORMANCE
No obstacle detected

21. RESULT
Obstacle detected

22. FIELD OF APPLICATION
 Military
 Remote sensing
 Air traffic control
 Navigation
 Ship security
 Satellites
 Highway security

23. ADVANTAGE
 Can see through the medium consisting of fog, snow, rain,
darkness, clouds etc.
 Can penetrate and see through insulators.
 Can distinguish fixed as well as moving target types.
 Can help find out following parameters of object or target
range :
-Angular Position
-Location of Target

24. DISADVANTAGE
 Can not distinguish and resolve multiple targets which are very
close like our eye.
 Can not recognize color of the targets.
 Can not see targets which are in the water and are too deep.
 Can not see targets which are placed behind some conducting
sheets.

25. CONCLUSION
 Radar is normally used to determine velocity, range, and
position of an object.
 In this technical project, we read the distance and angles
of detected objects in order to convert these data into visual
information.
 Overall conclusion of our project is to provide 24×7
monitoring of a particular area/region and also reduce the
manpower.