Infectious Diseases: Causes, Types, Symptoms and Prevention
1. Infectious diseases are caused by microbes.
These are small organisms, which are invisible with the naked eye and
invade your body to get multiplied.
The symptoms caused by an infection depend on the location, nature of
the infection, and type of microbe.
The two major types of microbes are the bacteria and the virus.
Viruses are the smallest in size of all the microbes.
They are able to attack almost any living organism.
A virus uses another organism, like human being, as a host.
It means that the virus invades a cell of the body and uses parts of the
cell to multiply itself.
In this way, hundreds of new viruses are produced.
Which can spread throughout the body.
They can also infect new organisms.
Viruses can’t survive outside the body of the host for long.
They can only survive a few seconds to minutes after leaving the host.
Bacteria are much larger that viruses.
They live almost everywhere and many of them don’t cause infection.
A bacterium multiplies itself by division.
If the condition are favorable (temperature, nutrition) some bacteria
can multiply after every 20 minutes.
Your intestines contains large number of bacteria.
2. Normally, these bacteria don’t cause any problem. Actually, they are
quite useful in various ways, like digestion.
But if you have weak immunity, the balance may become disturbed and
complaints like diarrhea, constipation or cramps may occur.
Viruses and some bacteria can cause infections.
Locally, an infection causes redness and swelling.
The tissue may also become warm and painful.
Common symptoms of a Viral or Bacterial infection are fever, fatigue,
and general malaise.
Mostly, viral infection is simple and the complaints subside by
themselves.
It is difficult to eliminate viruses.
Specific medicines have been developed only for certain viruses. Also
an infection usually revolves by itself. If it is not the case, the physician
can prescribe antibiotics.
An antibiotic is only effective against a bacteria, not against a virus.
It is important to prevent the spread of microbes. Good hygiene can
play an important role in prevention. Regularly wash your hands and
cover your mouth with tissue paper or cloth whenever you cough or
sneeze.
Take proper care of little wounds by disinfecting them with iodine of
alcohol.