1 ESO Música - El so Qualitats de la música en Català i Anglès

1. EL SO
EDUCACIÓ MUSICAL – 1 ESO
Escola Betúlia

2. Chapter 1
El so

3. Com es produeix el so
http://www.edu3.cat/Edu3tv/Fitxa?p_id=21344&p_ex=el%20so
Font sonora: Allò que vibra i provoca les ones sonores
Medi de propagació: És el material que transmet les ones sonores
Receptor o oient: És que rep les ones, i per tant, sent el so
Per què hi hagi so, la font sonora ha de produir vibracions
Aquesta vibració provoca oscil·lacions anomenades ones sonores
oscil·loscopi: aparell que permet veure en una pantalla laforma de les ones sonores

4. Propagació de l’aire
L’aire, medi de propagació, és un gas, també pot propagar-se per un altre
gas, liquid o sòlid, però a velocitat diferent, com més lent el medi, més
ràpidamet es propaga el so
Aire (gas) 331 m/s
Aigua (líquid) 1435 m/s
Acer (sòlid) 5000 m/s
Buit (no hi ha medi) 0 m/s

5. Qualitats del so
Chapter 2

6. Qualitats del so
Altura: expressa si els sons són aguts o greus (tono, pitch) Hz
Durada: expressa si els sons són llargs o curts (duration) Sec.
Intensitat: expressa si els sons són forts o fluixos (intensity) dB
Timbre: expressa el seu color i de quina font sonora prové (color or timbre) Harmonics

7. Altura
Clau de do en tercera línia
Clau de do en quarta línia
Hi ha diferents tipus de claus:
•La clau de sol es fa servir per a melodies
agudes.
•La clau de fa es fa servir per a melodies
greus.
Sostingut, bemoll i natural:

8. La durada
Tempo:
Largo
Lento
Adagio
Andante
Moderato
Allegretto
Allegro
Vivace
Vivo
Presto

9. intensitat

10. Timbre
Timbre: s’indica al davant del pentagrama el nom de l’instrument o veu
que l’ha d’interpretar, a més pot haver-hi altres indicadors que afectin al
timbre (pizzacato, arco, amb sordina...)

11. Qualitats del so - elements musicals

12. El soroll i el silenci
Chapter 3

13. El soroll
L’osciloscopi mostra el soroll amb ones irregulars
Pensa 5 fons sonores que produeixen soroll
Màquina de café
Motocicleta
Trons
Aire condicionat

14. El silenci
El silensi dura mentre la nostra oïda no rep cap mena d’ona sonora.
La música els utilitza per crear tensió enmig d’una obra, evitant així la monotonia d’una música contínua.
O abans o després d’un moment musical per destacar-lo.
Aquesta obra té silencis inesperats:
Scott Joplin - Stoptime Rag Piano Roll
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Z2ajBvw5E

15. Chapter 4
Qualities of sound

16. Qualities of sound - Pitch
Pitch: This is the characteristic of sound that tell us the difference
between a high sound and a low sound. It depends on the wave
frequency: the vibration of speed. It measures in units called hertzes
(Hz) which show the number of vibrations per second.

17. Qualities of sound - Pitch
To represent the pitch we use the staff, the clef
and the notes. The staff is written as five
horizontal parallel lines and four spaces. Most of
the notes are place one one of these lines or in a
space between lines.
The clef is a symbol at the beginning of the staff. It indicates the same that the
notes are going to recieve. The treble clef indicates that the note on the 2nd line is
called G (sol). From that reference, we can deduct the names of the rest of the
notes on the staff.
Extra ledger lines may
be added to show a note
that is too high or too low
to be on the staff.

18. Qualities of sound - Duration
Duration: This is the characteristic of sound that tell us the difference
between a short sound and a long sound. It depends on the wave
persistence: how long the wave lasts until fading out.
The duration is indicated using several symbols. In standard notation, a
single music sound is written as a note.

19. Qualities of sound - Duration
Note value equivalence table:

20. Qualities of sound - Duration
English and American note names:
The silence is indicated with rest
notes, or simply rests.

21. Qualities of sound - Duration
Note length modifiers: they are used to prolong or extend the duration
pf notes and rests. We have three length modifiers.
Dotted notes (puntet): It is
a small dot placed on the
right of notes and rests. It
adds half of thier values.
Ligature (lligadura): It is a curved line
that links one or more notes that sound
the same, adding up thier length.
Fermata (calderó): It is a semicercle
with a dot in the middle. It extends the
length of the note or the rest,
interrumping for a moment the time
measure.

22. Qualities of sound - Intensity
Intensity: It is the characteristic of the sound that tell us the difference
between a loud sound and a soft sound. It depends on the wave
amplitude. It is measure in decibels (dB).
Dynamics:

23. Qualities of sound - Timbre /
color
Timber or color: (timbre) Is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish
between one instrument and another, for example, a flute and a piano can
play the same note (pitch), with the same duration and intensity, however
each instrument sounds different.
Harmonics: some instruments can
reproduce more than one sound
when a note is played, these notes
are called harmonics.