The document discusses the particle theory of matter and defines pure substances, elements, and compounds. It then summarizes the periodic table, explaining that it arranges elements in order of atomic number and groups elements with similar properties together. The periodic table is useful for classifying and organizing the known elements. The document also categorizes elements as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their physical properties and discusses representative groups of elements and essential elements in the human body.

1. PURE SUBSTANCE
Jimnaira U. Abanto

3. PARTICLE THEORY OF
MATTER
• ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES.
• All particles in a pure substance are identical.
• All particles have space between them.
• All particles are always moving.
• All particles are attracted to one another.

4. ELEMENTS AND
COMPOUNDS
• ELEMENT
-- Simplest form of matter.
JONS BERZELIUS, a Swedish chemist suggested
that chemists use symbols to represents
elements.

5. COMPOUNDS
• -Is a substance made up from two or more
simpler substance.

6. The Periodic Table

7. Introduction
The periodic table is made up of rows of
elements and columns.
An element is identified by its chemical
symbol.
The number above the symbol is the
atomic number
The number below the symbol is the
rounded atomic weight of the element.
A row is called a period
A column is called a group

8. Classifying theClassifying the
ElementsElements
The periodic table displays the symbols
and names of the elements along with
information about the structure of their
atoms.

9. Organizing the Elements
• Chemists used the properties of
elements to sort them into groups.
• Johann W. Dobereiner grouped
elements into triads.
• A Law of Triad is a set of three
elements with similar properties.

14. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
• In 1869, a Russian
chemist and
teacher published a
table of the
elements.
• Mendeleev arranged
the elements in the
periodic table in
order of
increasing
atomic mass.

16. Henry Moseley
In 1913, through his work with X-rays, he
determined the actual nuclear charge
(atomic number) of the elements*. He
rearranged the elements in order of
increasing atomic number.

17. The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic
table elements are
arranged in order of
increasing atomic
number.
Periodic Law states:
“When elements are
arranged in order of
increasing atomic
number, there is a
periodic repetition of
their physical and
chemical properties.”

18. PURE SUBSTANCE

19. The Periodic Table of
Elements

20. PERIODIC TABLE
---- Is an arrangement of
elements in columns, and in
order of increasing atomic
number based on a set of
properties that repeat from
row to row.

21. CLASSES OF ELEMENTS

22. CLASSES OF ELEMENTS

23. Properties of Metals
• Good conductors of heat
and electric current
• Solid at room
temperature except Hg
• Shiny
• Ductile
• Malleable
• A chemical property of
metal is its reaction with
H2O which results in
CORROSION.

24. Properties of Non Metals
• Poor conductors of
heat and electric
current.
• Solid non-metals
are brittle and
break easily.
• Many nonmetals
are gases at room
temperature.Sulfur

25. Properties of Metalloids
• Metalloids (metal-like) have
properties of both metals
and non-metals.
• They are solids that can be
shiny or dull.
• They conduct heat and
electricity better than non-
metals but not as well as
metals.
• They are ductile and
malleable.Silicon

26. Representative Groups
1. ALKALI METALS
--elements in Group 1A.
--a single valence electron and are
extremely reactive.
--the reactivity of alkali metals
increases from the top of group
1A to the bottom.
--shiny, have the consistency of clay,
and are easily cut with a knife.
--Never found as free elements in
nature. They are always bonded
with another element.

27. Representative Groups
2. ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
--The elements in Group
2A
-- differences in reactivity
among the alkaline earth
metals are shown by the
ways they react with H2O.

28. Representative Groups
3. BORON FAMILY
--elements in Group 3A.
-- contains the metalloid
boron, the well-known
metal (A)l and three less
familiar metals (Ga, In, Tl).
--three valence electrons

29. Representative Groups
4. CARBON FAMILY
--Group 4A contains a non
metal (C), two metalloids
(Si, Ge), and two metals
(Sn, Pb).
-- four valence electrons.

30. Representative Groups
5. NITROGEN FAMILY
--Group 5A contains two
nonmetals (N, P), two
metalloids (Ar, Sb), and one
metal (Bi)
--five valence electrons

31. Representative Groups
6. OXYGEN FAMILY
--Group 6A has three
nonmetals (O, S, Se) and two
metalloids (Te, Po)
-- six valence electrons.

32. Representative Groups
7. THE HALOGENS
--Elements in Group 7A
-- seven valence electrons.

33. Representative Groups
7. THE NOBLE GAS
--elements in Group 8A.
-- 8 valence electrons
-- color less and odor less
and extremely unreactive

34. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
THE HUMAN BODY

35. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
THE HUMAN BODY
• An element is classified based on its
percentage by mass in the body.
 Major elements (approximately 98.6%)
Lesser elements (approximately 1.4%)
Trace elements (less than 0.01%)

36. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
THE HUMAN BODY
 Major elements
-account for almost 99% of your body
mass.
H C O
Ca N P

38. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
THE HUMAN BODY
 Lesser elements
-recommended amount that needs to be
taken in daily.
- It help your body build tissues and
maintain other processes
Na K Zn
Mg Fe S
Cl

40. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
THE HUMAN BODY
 Trace elements
-the quantities required are tiny, but it
perform important functions.
V Cr Mn Co Mo Cu
B Si Sn Se F I