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República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular Para la Educación
Alumno:
Jhonatan Medina
1_ Expresiones algebraica : Conjunto de numero y de símbolo ligados entres
si por los signos de las operaciones del algebra y que no contienen mas
funciones que aquellas que pueden calcularse con las operaciones del
algebra (suma, multiplicación y sus inversas).
Ejemplo: A) x²+2xy
b) √2x+y²x²
3_ Productos notables: es el nombre que reciben
multiplicaciones con expresiones algebraicas cuyo resultado se puede
escribir mediante simple inspección, sin verificar la multiplicación que
cumplen ciertas reglas fijas. Cada producto notable corresponde a una
fórmula de factorización
1) ejercicios (2X +5) . (2X-5) = (𝟐𝐗)𝟐
- 𝟓𝟐
= 4𝟓𝟐
– 25
= 𝑿𝟑
+ 3. 𝑿𝟐
. 3 + 3 . x . 𝟑𝟐
+ 𝟑𝟑
=
=𝒙𝟑
+ 9𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟐𝟕𝐱 + 𝟐𝟕
2) (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟑
:
: (𝟐𝒙)𝟑
+ 3 . (𝟐𝒙)𝟐
. (-3) + 3 . 2x
. (𝟑)𝟐
+ (−𝟑)𝟑
:
: 𝟖𝒙𝟑
- 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐
+ 54x – 27
4_Valor numérico de una expresión algebraica: El valor númerico de
una expresión algebraica, para un determinado valor, es el número que se
obtiene al sustituir en ésta por valor numérico dado y realizar las
operaciones indicadas
L(r) = 2 r
r = 5 cm. L(5)= 2 · · 5 = 10 cm
S(l) = l2
l = 5 cm A(5) = 52 = 25 cm2
V(a) = a3
a = 5 cm V(5) = 53 = 125 cm3
5_SUMA DE EXPRESIONES ALGEBRAICAS
Para sumar dos o más expresiones algebraicas con uno o más términos, se
deben reunir todos los términos semejantes que existan, en uno sólo. Se
puede aplicar la propiedad distributiva de la multiplicación con respecto de
la suma.
1) Ejercicio:
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟏)(𝐱 + 𝟏)
MCM (𝒙 + 𝟏 ,𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟏) = (x+1)(x-1)
1 2x 1 x – 1 2x
______ + _________ - _________ = ______________ + _________________
x+1 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟏 x -1 (x + 1) (x -1) (x+1)(x-
1)
x+1
- _______________
(x+1) (x-1)
(x-1) + 2x – (x+1)
= _______________
(x+1) (x-1)
2x -2
= ____________
(x+1)(x-1)
2) Ejercicio: * Calcular Y *
Y = 𝟐𝒙𝟑
− 𝟑𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟏
Sabiendo que x = - 1
Y = 2(−𝟏𝟑
) - 3(−𝟏𝟑
)+1
Y = -2 +3 +1
Y = 2
6_ La resta algebraica: es una de estas operaciones. ... Consiste en
establecer la diferencia existente entre dos elementos: gracias a la resta, se
puede saber cuánto le falta a un elemento para resultar igual al otro. Se dice
que la resta algebraica es el proceso inverso de la suma algebraica
1) Ejercicio:
X+2 1
__________ - _______
𝐱𝟑
− 𝟏 x-1
𝒙𝟑
− 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
MCM (𝒙𝟑
− 𝟏 ,𝐱 − 𝟏)=(x-1) (𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
X+2 1 x+2 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏
________ - _______ = ______________ - _________________
𝒙𝟑
− 𝟏 x-1 (x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏) (x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
(x+2) - (𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
= ________________
(x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
- 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟏
= ________________
(x -1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
- (𝒙𝟐
- 1)
= _____________
(x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
- (𝒙𝟐
- 1) -(x-1) (x+1)
_____________ = ________________
(x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏) (x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
Simplificamos:
-(x-1) (x+1) -(x+1)
____________ = _________
(x-1)(𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏) 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏
2) Ejercicio:
(𝟔𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 − 𝟓) – (2𝒙𝟐
-3x-4)=
6𝒙𝟐
+x-5 -2𝒙𝟐
+3x +4 =
4𝒙𝟐
+4x-1
7_ La división algebraica: es una operación entre dos expresiones
algebraicas llamadas dividendo y divisor para obtener otra expresión
llamado cociente por medio de un algoritmo
1) Ejercicio
X+2 𝑥2
- 4
___________ : _________
𝑥2
+ 4x + 4 𝑥3
+ 8
X +2 𝒙𝟐
– 4 (x+2) (𝒙𝟑
+ 𝟖)
__________ : ______ : _________________
𝒙𝟐
+ 4x +4 𝒙𝟑
+ 𝟖 ( 𝒙𝟐
+ 4x + 4) (𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒)
( x +2) (𝒙𝟑
+ 8) (x + 2) (x + 2) (x + 2) ( 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒)
__________________ : ____________________________
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐
(x + 2) (x - 2) (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐
(x + 2) (x – 2)
Simplificamos
(x + 2) (x + 2) ( 𝒙𝟐
– 2x + 4 ) 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒
_______________________ : _____________
(𝒙 + 𝟐 )𝟐
(x + 2) (x - 2) (x + 2) ( x -2 )
2) Ejercicio:
(𝟖𝒌𝟐
- 3 + 𝒌𝟓
) % (𝟐𝒌𝟐
-k + 𝒌𝟑
)
𝒌𝟓
+ 𝟎𝒌𝟒
+ 𝟎𝒌𝟑
+ 𝟖𝒌𝟐
+ 0k – 3 | 𝒌𝟑
+𝟐𝒌𝟐
- k
|_________________________
-𝒌𝟓
- 𝟐𝒌𝟒
+ k³ | 𝒌𝟐
- 2k + 5
|
-𝟐𝒌𝟒
+ 𝒌𝟑
+ 𝟖𝒌𝟐
-3 |
|
+𝟐𝒌𝟒
+ 𝟒𝒌𝟑
- 2k² - 3 |
|
𝟓𝒌𝟑
+ 𝟔𝒌𝟐
-3 |
|
-𝟓𝒌𝟑
– 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝟐
+ 5k |
|
-𝟒𝒌𝟐
+ 5k - 3 |
8_ La multiplicación de expresiones algebraicas: es otra
expresión algebraica, en otras palabras, es una operación matemática que
consiste en obtener un resultado llamado producto a partir de dos
factores algebraicos llamada multiplicando y multiplicador.
1)Ejercicio:
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒
__________ . _________
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱 𝒙𝟐
+ 4x +4 (𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱) (𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒)
__________ . _________ = ___________________
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒 (𝒙𝟐
− 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔) (𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒)
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱 = 𝐱 (𝐱 − 𝟐)
Y
𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 = (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐
5 ± 1 6 4
𝒙 =
𝟓 ± √𝟓𝟐
−𝟒 .𝟔
𝟐
== _______ = x1=__ =3 , x2=___=2
2 2 2
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟐)(𝐱 − 𝟑)
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒 = (𝐱 − 𝟐)(𝐱 + 𝟐)
(𝒙𝟐
− 𝟐𝐱)( 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒) x(x - 2) (𝐱 + 𝟐)𝟐
__________________ = __________________
(𝒙𝟐
− 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟔)( 𝒙𝟐
− 𝟒) (x-2)(x -3) (x-2) (x+2)
Simplificamos
x(x -2) (𝐱 + 𝟐)𝟐
x(x+2)
________________________ =__________
(x-2) (x - 3) (x-2) (x+2) (x -2) (x-3)
2)Ejercicio:
(5 +3ª +2𝑎2
+4b) * (5ª+b):
(5+3ª+2𝑎2
+4b)
x (5ª+b)
____________________________
5b + 3ab +2𝑎2
+ 4𝑏2
+20ab +10𝑎3
+ 15𝑎2
+ 25a
__________________________________
5b + 23ab+ 2𝑎2
b+4𝑏2
+10𝑎2
+15𝑎2
+25ª
la factorización es una técnica que consiste en la descomposición en
factores de una expresión algebraica (que puede ser un número,
una suma o resta, una matriz, un polinomio, etc.) en forma de producto.
Existen distintos métodos de factorización, dependiendo de los objetos
matemáticos estudiados; el objetivo es simplificar una expresión o
reescribirla en términos de «bloques fundamentales», que reciben el nombre
de factores, como por ejemplo un número en números primos, o un
polinomio en polinomios irreducibles.
1) Ejercicio:
27𝒙𝟑
- 8
(𝟑𝒙)𝟐
- 𝟐𝟑
= ( 3x – 2 )(9𝒙𝟐
+ 6x + 4)
2) Ejercicio:
𝒙𝟔
– 1
(𝒙𝟐
)³ - 𝟏𝟑
= (𝒙𝟐
− 𝟏) (𝒙𝟒
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏)
=(x + 1) ( x - 1 )( 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝐱 + 𝟏) (𝒙𝟐
- x + 1)

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1 TRABAJO DE MATEMÁTICA *** UTAEB ***

  • 1. República Bolivariana de Venezuela Ministerio del Poder Popular Para la Educación Alumno: Jhonatan Medina
  • 2. 1_ Expresiones algebraica : Conjunto de numero y de símbolo ligados entres si por los signos de las operaciones del algebra y que no contienen mas funciones que aquellas que pueden calcularse con las operaciones del algebra (suma, multiplicación y sus inversas). Ejemplo: A) x²+2xy b) √2x+y²x² 3_ Productos notables: es el nombre que reciben multiplicaciones con expresiones algebraicas cuyo resultado se puede escribir mediante simple inspección, sin verificar la multiplicación que cumplen ciertas reglas fijas. Cada producto notable corresponde a una fórmula de factorización 1) ejercicios (2X +5) . (2X-5) = (𝟐𝐗)𝟐 - 𝟓𝟐 = 4𝟓𝟐 – 25 = 𝑿𝟑 + 3. 𝑿𝟐 . 3 + 3 . x . 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 = =𝒙𝟑 + 9𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝐱 + 𝟐𝟕
  • 3. 2) (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟑 : : (𝟐𝒙)𝟑 + 3 . (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 . (-3) + 3 . 2x . (𝟑)𝟐 + (−𝟑)𝟑 : : 𝟖𝒙𝟑 - 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 54x – 27 4_Valor numérico de una expresión algebraica: El valor númerico de una expresión algebraica, para un determinado valor, es el número que se obtiene al sustituir en ésta por valor numérico dado y realizar las operaciones indicadas L(r) = 2 r r = 5 cm. L(5)= 2 · · 5 = 10 cm S(l) = l2 l = 5 cm A(5) = 52 = 25 cm2 V(a) = a3 a = 5 cm V(5) = 53 = 125 cm3
  • 4. 5_SUMA DE EXPRESIONES ALGEBRAICAS Para sumar dos o más expresiones algebraicas con uno o más términos, se deben reunir todos los términos semejantes que existan, en uno sólo. Se puede aplicar la propiedad distributiva de la multiplicación con respecto de la suma. 1) Ejercicio: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟏)(𝐱 + 𝟏) MCM (𝒙 + 𝟏 ,𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) = (x+1)(x-1) 1 2x 1 x – 1 2x ______ + _________ - _________ = ______________ + _________________ x+1 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 x -1 (x + 1) (x -1) (x+1)(x- 1) x+1 - _______________ (x+1) (x-1) (x-1) + 2x – (x+1) = _______________ (x+1) (x-1) 2x -2 = ____________ (x+1)(x-1)
  • 5. 2) Ejercicio: * Calcular Y * Y = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 Sabiendo que x = - 1 Y = 2(−𝟏𝟑 ) - 3(−𝟏𝟑 )+1 Y = -2 +3 +1 Y = 2 6_ La resta algebraica: es una de estas operaciones. ... Consiste en establecer la diferencia existente entre dos elementos: gracias a la resta, se puede saber cuánto le falta a un elemento para resultar igual al otro. Se dice que la resta algebraica es el proceso inverso de la suma algebraica 1) Ejercicio: X+2 1 __________ - _______ 𝐱𝟑 − 𝟏 x-1 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) MCM (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏 ,𝐱 − 𝟏)=(x-1) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) X+2 1 x+2 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏 ________ - _______ = ______________ - _________________ 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏 x-1 (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏)
  • 6. (x+2) - (𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) = ________________ (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) - 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 = ________________ (x -1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) - (𝒙𝟐 - 1) = _____________ (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) - (𝒙𝟐 - 1) -(x-1) (x+1) _____________ = ________________ (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) Simplificamos: -(x-1) (x+1) -(x+1) ____________ = _________ (x-1)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏
  • 7. 2) Ejercicio: (𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 − 𝟓) – (2𝒙𝟐 -3x-4)= 6𝒙𝟐 +x-5 -2𝒙𝟐 +3x +4 = 4𝒙𝟐 +4x-1
  • 8. 7_ La división algebraica: es una operación entre dos expresiones algebraicas llamadas dividendo y divisor para obtener otra expresión llamado cociente por medio de un algoritmo 1) Ejercicio X+2 𝑥2 - 4 ___________ : _________ 𝑥2 + 4x + 4 𝑥3 + 8 X +2 𝒙𝟐 – 4 (x+2) (𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖) __________ : ______ : _________________ 𝒙𝟐 + 4x +4 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖 ( 𝒙𝟐 + 4x + 4) (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒) ( x +2) (𝒙𝟑 + 8) (x + 2) (x + 2) (x + 2) ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒) __________________ : ____________________________ (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (x + 2) (x - 2) (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (x + 2) (x – 2) Simplificamos (x + 2) (x + 2) ( 𝒙𝟐 – 2x + 4 ) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒 _______________________ : _____________ (𝒙 + 𝟐 )𝟐 (x + 2) (x - 2) (x + 2) ( x -2 )
  • 9. 2) Ejercicio: (𝟖𝒌𝟐 - 3 + 𝒌𝟓 ) % (𝟐𝒌𝟐 -k + 𝒌𝟑 ) 𝒌𝟓 + 𝟎𝒌𝟒 + 𝟎𝒌𝟑 + 𝟖𝒌𝟐 + 0k – 3 | 𝒌𝟑 +𝟐𝒌𝟐 - k |_________________________ -𝒌𝟓 - 𝟐𝒌𝟒 + k³ | 𝒌𝟐 - 2k + 5 | -𝟐𝒌𝟒 + 𝒌𝟑 + 𝟖𝒌𝟐 -3 | | +𝟐𝒌𝟒 + 𝟒𝒌𝟑 - 2k² - 3 | | 𝟓𝒌𝟑 + 𝟔𝒌𝟐 -3 | | -𝟓𝒌𝟑 – 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝟐 + 5k | | -𝟒𝒌𝟐 + 5k - 3 |
  • 10. 8_ La multiplicación de expresiones algebraicas: es otra expresión algebraica, en otras palabras, es una operación matemática que consiste en obtener un resultado llamado producto a partir de dos factores algebraicos llamada multiplicando y multiplicador. 1)Ejercicio: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 __________ . _________ 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 𝒙𝟐 + 4x +4 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒) __________ . _________ = ___________________ 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔) (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 = 𝐱 (𝐱 − 𝟐) Y 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒 = (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 5 ± 1 6 4 𝒙 = 𝟓 ± √𝟓𝟐 −𝟒 .𝟔 𝟐 == _______ = x1=__ =3 , x2=___=2 2 2 2 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟏 = (𝐱 − 𝟐)(𝐱 − 𝟑) 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 = (𝐱 − 𝟐)(𝐱 + 𝟐) (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱)( 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟒) x(x - 2) (𝐱 + 𝟐)𝟐 __________________ = __________________
  • 11. (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟔)( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒) (x-2)(x -3) (x-2) (x+2) Simplificamos x(x -2) (𝐱 + 𝟐)𝟐 x(x+2) ________________________ =__________ (x-2) (x - 3) (x-2) (x+2) (x -2) (x-3) 2)Ejercicio: (5 +3ª +2𝑎2 +4b) * (5ª+b): (5+3ª+2𝑎2 +4b) x (5ª+b) ____________________________ 5b + 3ab +2𝑎2 + 4𝑏2 +20ab +10𝑎3 + 15𝑎2 + 25a __________________________________ 5b + 23ab+ 2𝑎2 b+4𝑏2 +10𝑎2 +15𝑎2 +25ª la factorización es una técnica que consiste en la descomposición en factores de una expresión algebraica (que puede ser un número, una suma o resta, una matriz, un polinomio, etc.) en forma de producto. Existen distintos métodos de factorización, dependiendo de los objetos matemáticos estudiados; el objetivo es simplificar una expresión o reescribirla en términos de «bloques fundamentales», que reciben el nombre de factores, como por ejemplo un número en números primos, o un polinomio en polinomios irreducibles. 1) Ejercicio: 27𝒙𝟑 - 8 (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 - 𝟐𝟑 = ( 3x – 2 )(9𝒙𝟐 + 6x + 4)
  • 12. 2) Ejercicio: 𝒙𝟔 – 1 (𝒙𝟐 )³ - 𝟏𝟑 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) (𝒙𝟒 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) =(x + 1) ( x - 1 )( 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏) (𝒙𝟐 - x + 1)