1. VOCABULARY
NO. 1.2

2. ENCYCLOPEDIA
- a book or set of books giving
information on many subjects
or on many aspects of one
subject and typically arranged
alphabetically.

3. HERITAGE
- property that is or may
be inherited; an
inheritance

4. PHENOMENOLOGICAL
- relating to the science of
phenomena as distinct from
that of the nature of being

5. RIDDLES
- gives an enigma or puzzle

6. CATECHISMS
- a summary of the principles
of Christian religion in the
form of questions and
answers, used for the
instruction of Christians.

7. REVOLUTIONARY
- engaged in or
promoting political
revolution

8. RHETORICAL
- relating to or concerned
with the art of rhetoric

9. VERBOSE
- using or expressed in
more words than are
needed

10. DRAMATIZATION
- a play or movie adapted
from a novel or depicting a
particular incident

11. TRADITION
- the transmission of
customs or beliefs from
generation to generation, or
the fact of being passed on
in this way

12. 21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE from the
Philippines and the
world

13. What is
Literature?

14. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson,
90% of the grade 11 students will be able to:
a. identify recurring themes and stylistic changes
across various literary epochs;
b. interpret literary texts within their historical and
sociocultural settings, gaining insight into the
society's values and concerns;
c. outline the major literary periods and explain their
significance in the context of Philippine history.

15. Literature:
- Is a body of written works.
- Originated from oral traditions
- Are imaginative works.
- Deals with stories and poetry.
- The content depends on the author.
Three points of Literature:
- Literature portrays human experience.
- Authors interpret this human experience.
- It is an art form and a style of expression.

16. What is
Philippine
Literature?

17. A product, a reflection of and reaction to the
period, place and people who produced it.
(Balabar, et al., 1989, p.5)
Philippine literature is the body of works, both oral
and written, that Filipinos whether native,
naturalized or foreign born, have created about the
experience of people living in or relating to
Philippine Society. It is composed or written in one
of the Philippine languages, in Spanish, in English
and in Chinese as well.

18.  May be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different
urban centers and rural outputs, even in foreign lands where
descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the
languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their
lives and aspirations.
 A collection of texts, both oral and written, whether published as
books, serialized in periodicals, recorded in tapes, mimeographed
in loose sheets, etched on bamboo, chanted, at home or recited
around a fire, which are created by Filipinos of all ages and stock,
of different languages both local and foreign (including the Fil-Ams
and OFW writings and literatures around the globe), in forms
indigeneous or borrowed as adapted which portray the
experiences of Filipinos. CCP ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Philippine

19. Reasons for
Studying
Philippine
Literature

20. 1. To appreciate our literary heritage;
2. For us to realize our literary limitations conditioned by
certain historical factors so we can take steps to overcome
them;
3. To understand that we have a great and noble tradition
which can served as means to assimilate other cultures and;
4. To show that as Filipinos who truly love and take pride in
our own culture, we have to manifest our deep concern for
our own literature and this we can do by studying the
literatures of our country.

21. Timelines in
Philippine
Literature

22. Kahayon, et al., (1989, p.5) describe the following features of Philippine
literatures written in English:
1. Philippine literatures in English is phenomenological since the inception of
english in our culture;
2. Philippine literatures is about four hundred years old. Timelines may not be
necessary to the study of literature, but since literature and history
inescapably related it has become facilitative to map up system which will
aid are us in delineating certain time boundaries. In addition, Balabar, et al.,
(1989) posits that "Philippine literature is as old as its country's history."
TIMELINES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURES: SOME
HIGHLIGHTS

23. 1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
2. THE SPANISH REGIME
3. THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD
TIMELINES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURES
4. THE UNITED STATES COLONIAL RULE
5. THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
6. THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
7. POST EDSA LITERATURE

24. The Pre-
Colonial
Period
BC- 1564
01

25. a. The longest period in Philippine literatures.
b. The literary outputs of this period cannot be called
substantial because much of it was oral (i.e. tales,
songs, riddles and proverbs).
c. Riddles - gives an enigma or puzzle
d. Proverbs-wise saying or "salawikain"
e. Songs were also very much part of pre-colonial
literature and the people’s daily life.

26. f. Mimetic dances often accompanied these
songs and rituals and were the precursor of the
drama form.
g. In prose, pre-colonial literature had myths,
tales, fables, legends, and fantastic stories.

27. h. The most significant and the longest form of
pre-colonial poetry was the folk epic (narratives
of sustained length based on oral tradition,
revolving around supernatural events or heroic
deeds, in the form of verse, which is either
chanted or sung, with a certain seriousness of
purpose, embodying o validating the beliefs,
customs, ideals or life - values of the people).

28. i. Popular epics: Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocos
Region), Hinilawod (Panay Island), and
Bantugen and Indarapatra at Sulayman
(Maguindanao)

29. The
Spanish
Regime
1565-1863
02

30. The literary scene during this era was focused on
religious themes due to the Christianization of the
Philippines by the Spaniards.
A. Took on a Religious Character
 Christianization of the Philippines
 Introduced the first printing press
 Doctrina Christiana - the first published book (1593)

31. B. Literary Output
 Catechisms
 Confession Manuals
 Grammar Books
 Dictionaries

32. C. Poems in Spanish and Tagalog were written by "Ladinos"
who were well- versed in both languages.
Pasyon - the most popular form of religious literature
A long time narrative poem about the passion and death of
Christ.
Ang Mahal na Pasyon ni Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin –
Gaspar Aquilino de Belen's well known pasyon.
Sinakulo/ Cenaculo

33. A dramatization of the pasyon
A play on the passion and death of Christ
Performed during the Holy week
Two Popular Narrative Poems
i. Awit
ii. Korido
- Sung or chanted
- Florante at Laura - Most Famous Awit

34. Other Literary Types
i. "Duplo" and "Karagatan"
ii. Komedya - most popular/drama form
Prose
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si
Urbana at Feliza by Marcelo de Castro

35. The
Nationalistic
Period
1864-1896
03

36. a. The last of the 19th century saw a new breed
of writers.
b. If the religion was the thematic focus during
the Spanish Era, a strong feeling of nationalism
was the main agenda of this literary period.
c. The period is divided into the Propaganda
and the Revolution.

37. d. At the close of the 19th century the revolutionist
took over and there was a shift not only in language
(from Spanish to Tagalog) but in the audience or
readers from the "intelligentsia" to the masses.
(Balabar, 1989, p.25)
e. Bonifacio, Jacinto and Mabini were the prominent
revolutionary writers.
f. This period was truly significant because it produced
a literature that was realistic and truly Filipino.

38. The United
States
Colonial Rule
1910-1930, 1920-
1945
04

39. a. Literature (in three languages) flourished
i. Spanish, English, Filipino
- Reading, writing, speaking
b. May be divided into two periods:
i. The Period of Apprenticeship
- Paz Marquez Benitez "Dead Stars"
- Paz Latorena "The Small Key"
- Jose Garcia Villa "Footnote to Youth"
- Zoilo Galang "Child of Sorrow"

40. ii. The Period of Emergence
- Before the war and the Japanese
Occupation
- Noted Short Story writers
1. Manuel E. Arguilla
2. Arturo Rotor
3. N.V.M. Gonzales
4. Francisco Arcellana
5. Bienvenido N. Santos

41. The Japanese
Occupation
1942-1944
05

42. a. This literary period broke away from tradition
especially among the tagalog poets. Instead of
writing in the Balagtas tradition (rhetorical,
verbose, figurative) poets wrote in simple
language and free verse.
b. There was a bountiful harvest in poetry,
fiction and in the fields of drama and essay.
(Balabar, 1989, p.27)

43. c. Broke away from tradition (war years)
- Rhetorical
- Verbose
- Figurative (Balagtas Tradition)
d. Poets wrote in simple language and free
verse (Ako ang Daigdig by Alejandro Abadula)
- Portray Filipino Life and Culture: Short story
- Flowering of Tagalog Short Poetry
- Palanca Awards/National Awards launched

44. The
Contemporary
Period
1960-1986
06

45. a. Upheavals in Nation's History
- First quarter Storm of the Seventies
b. Martial Law Years
c. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
d. A merging of the three traditions
- Oral Lore -Ethnic Tradition
- Spanish Tradition
- American Colonial tradition

46. e. Literary Expressions
- Give responses to the historical and
political force that have shaped
Philippine society since the Pacific war.

47. Post Edsa
Literature
06

48. a. Lumbera and Lumbera (2005 pp.381-384)
explain that the character of the Philippine
literary scene after "EDSA" maybe pinpointed
by referring to the theories that inform literary
production; to the products issuing from the
publishers; to the dominant concerns
demonstrated by the writer's output and to the
direction towards which literary studies are
tending.

49. b. There is in the academe an emerging
critical orientation that draws its concerns
and insights from literary theorizing
current in England and the United States.
c. post-EDSA publishing has been marked
by adventurousness, a willingness to
gamble on "non-traditional" projects.

50. d. The fourth and final characteristic of post
EDSA writing is the developing thrust towards
the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in
Philippine languages other than Tagalog.
Today, Philippine literature may thus be
classified into: (Ordonez, 2001 p-36)
o The residual, a good part of which is oral and
regional, but remaining in the margins simply
because the center of writing and publishing
is in Metro Manila.

51. oThe dominant language, largely in
English and Tagalog-based Filipino; and
oThe emergent, produced by those in the
periphery, the marginalized sectors,
including workers, peasants, urban poor,
women, gays, lesbians and ethnic
groups.
others.

52. Sometimes residual oral literature
such as komposo in Negros, solidom-ay in
Cordillera, ismayling in Samar and baliling
in Mindanao are used to convey
contemporary messages of struggle and
commitment and are thus emergent.

53. Today, it is quite common to have
Filipino writers published abroad in the
original English translation if written in the
local language. These include N.V.M.
Gonzales, F. Sionil Jose, Ninotchka
Rosca, Jessica Hegedorn, Cecilia
Manguerra Brainard, Epifiano San Juan
Jr., Wilfredo Nolledo among others.

54. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING! 

55. Directions: Since you have already reviewed some major
influences brought to us by the three countries, it is now time to
examine positive and negative results of each period of
colonialism among Filipinos in general during that time.