Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Lesson - Word Formation Processes.pptx
1.
2. The ‘Word Formation Process’ is
regarded as the branch of
Morphology, and it has a
significant role in expanding the
vocabulary that helps us
communicate very smoothly. The main
objectives of the word-formation
process are to form new words with
the same root by deploying
4. ‘Derivation’ is one of the significant
word-formation processes that attach
derivation affixes to the main form to
create a new word. Affixes (prefix or
suffix) are regarded as bound
morphemes.
A bound morpheme doesn’t have any
independent meaning, and it needs the
help of a free morpheme to form a new
word.
5. Examples:
Base Forms New Words
Appear Disappear
Justice Injustice
Lighten Enlighten
Friend Friendship
Happy Happiness
6. ‘Back-Formation’ is a word-formation
process that eliminates the actual
derivational affix from the main form
to create a new word.
However, Back-Formation is contrary to
derivation in terms of forming new
words.
7. EXAMPLES:
Base Forms Back Formation
Insertion Insert
Donation Donate
Procession Process
Obsessive Obsess
Resurrection Resurrect
8. In conversion, a word of one
grammatical form converts into another
grammatical form without changing any
spelling or pronunciation. For example,
the term ‘Google’ is originated as
a noun before the verb.
A few years ago, we used the term as a
noun only (search it on Google), but
now we say ‘Google it.
9. EXAMPLES:
Noun To Verb
Access -to access
Google -to google
Email -to email
Name -to name
Host -to host
Verb To Noun
To hope Hope
To cover Cover
To increase Increase
To attack Attack
10. ‘Compounding’ is a word-formation
process that allows words to combine to
make a new word.
Compounding words can also be formed as
two words joined with a hyphen.
11. EXAMPLES:
Words Compounding Words
Class+room Classroom Rest Room
Note+book Notebook
Break+up Breakup
Brother+in+law Brother-in-law
High+light Highlight
12. ‘Clipping’ reduces or shortens a word
without changing the exact meaning.
In contrast to the back-formation process,
it reserves the original meaning.
Clipping is divided into four types. They
are:
1.Back Clipping
2.Fore Clipping
3.Middle Clipping
4.Complex Clipping
13. Back Clipping removes the end part of
a word
Fore Clipping removes the beginning
part of a word
Middle Clipping reserves the middle
position
Complex Clipping removes multiple
pieces from multiple words.
17. ‘Abbreviation’ is another famous and
widely used word-formation method used
to shorten a word or phrase.
18. EXAMPLES:
Words/Phrases Abbreviation
Junior Jr.
Mister Mr.
Mistress Miss.
Doctor Dr.
Department Dept.
Bachelor of Arts B.A
Master of Arts M.A
Master of Business
Administration
MBA
19. An Acronym is a popular word-formation
process in which an initialism is
pronounced as a word.
It forms from the first letter of each
word in a phrase, and the newly formed
letters create a new word that helps us
speedy communication.
For example, ‘PIN’ is an initialism for
Personal Identification Number used as
the word ‘pin.’
20. EXAMPLES:
Acronyms Words/Phrases
HIV Human Immudeficiency Virus
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
NASA National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
ASAP As Soon As Possible
AWOL Absent Without Leave
21. ‘Borrowing’ is another word-formation
process in which a word from one
language is borrowed directly into
another language.
23. Now we know that Word-Formation
Processes are the methods in which
words are formed by deploying different
types of rules.
We can create new words by following
the above word-formation methods.
We need to do one thing: we have to
follow the fundamental rules or
processes of word-formation.
Editor's Notes
In other words, we can say that the word-formation process is a process in which new words are formed by modifying the existing terms or completely changing those words.
Let us see the fundamental word-formation processes in linguistics:
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful syntactical or grammar unit of a language that cannot be divided without changing its actual meaning
Let us see some examples of Back-Formation in the below table:
Let us see some examples of conversion in the below table
Let us see some examples in the below table:
Every Clipping has different roles in words when they are assigned.
Let us see some examples in the table:
In the modern era, ‘Abbreviation is becoming more popular. Nowadays people used to use it everywhere
However, let us see some other famous examples of acronyms in the below table for better understanding:
Let us see some English words which are borrowed from another language: