This document provides an overview of position papers and the writing process. It defines a position paper as a type of academic writing where the writer researches a controversial issue and explains their stance. The document outlines the steps for writing a position paper, including choosing a topic, conducting research, outlining an argument, and including an introduction, body, and conclusion. It also discusses types of manifestos and their purposes. Overall, the document serves as a guide for students on how to write a well-structured and evidenced position paper defending an argument on an issue.

1. English for
Academic
and Professional
Purposes
Ma’am Jennifer S. Esteban

2. learning Objective
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
1.Define what is a position paper;
2. Identify situations in which a position paper can be effectively
used in the present society;
3.Gather manifestos and analyze the arguments used by the
writer/s.
4. Defend a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments
supported by properly cited evidences.
5. Write various kinds of position paper.

3. LET’S RECAP
Concept Paper
Three ways a writer can
elucidate on a concept:
Definition can be done in three ways
Patterns of
Development
Parts of
Concept Paper
in Academic
and Funding
Agencies

4. Motivation
Debate

6. 1.If you want to sell products and services or
run a new business, the Internet is the best
source to expand your business and best
place to sell goods.
You can sell your goods anytime and
anywhere as internet is working 24 hours a
day is accessible throughout the world with
the help of the internet you can promote
your business worldwide through
advertisements.

7. 2. People can discuss and share
their thoughts and information with
others located at different places all
over the world. Whether this
information is the latest news or
information about your favourite
celebrity, everything is available at
your fingertips.

8. Which is better

9. VS
VS

10. VS

11. VS

12. DISCUSSIONS

13. Position paper
A kind of academic writing in which the
writer researches a controversial issue
and writes a paper explaining his/her
stand or viewpoint on it.
Purposes to generate support on issues.
Based on facts that provide a solid
foundation for an argument.

14. Steps and guidelines for
Writing the Position Paper

15. Steps in Writing
Choose a
TOPIC for
your paper
Conduct
RESEARCH
CHALLENGE
your own
topic
Collect
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE
Create an
OUTLINE

16. Parts of a Position Paper
Tulfo, Villar clash over farmlands
conversion into subdivisions,
commercial areas
Aired; November 17, 2022
24 ORAS

17. I. Introduction
❖Start with a topic sentence that
attracts attention and summarizes the
issue
❖Inform the reader of your point of
view
❖Identifies the issue that will be
discussed and states the author’s
position on that issue.

18. EXAMPLE:
❖Senators Raffy Tulfo, Cynthia Villar clash over
farmlands conversion into subdivisions,
commercial areas.

19. learning Objective
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
1.Define what is a position paper;
2. Identify situations in which a position paper can be effectively
used in the present society;
3.Gather manifestos and analyze the arguments used by the
writer/s.
4. Defend a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments
supported by properly cited evidences.
5. Write various kinds of position paper.

22. WHICH ONE IS BETTER?

23. II. Body / Counter Argument
❖General statement of the position /
Background information
A.The Counterclaim
❖Summary of the Counterclaim
❖Supporting Information for the Counterclaim
❖Refuting of the Counterclaim
❖Giving Evidences for the Argument

24. B.The Argument
❖Assertion of claim NO. 1
a. Opinion
b. Support
❖Assertion of claim NO. 2
a. Opinion
b. Support

25. Assert point #1

26. Assert point #2

27. EXAMPLE:
❖Farmlands are getting smaller and smaller as big
developers buy them and convert them into
commercial and residential lands.
❖They allow conversions in cities and capital towns
because if they buy your land, they buy it
expensive. And you can re-invest the money, and
you will make more money than planting on those
lands

28. IV. Conclusion
❖Restate your argument
❖Suggest a course of action but do not
introduce new information
❖State what makes your position superior
and more acceptable.
❖State what makes your position superior
and more acceptable.

29. GENERAL OUTLINE
I- INTRODUCTION
a.Identification of the issues
b.Statement of the position
II- Development (Body)
a.Background information
b.Supporting evidence or facts
III- Conclusion
a.Summary of main concepts and ideas
b.Suggested cournaasred
c.Possible

30. TIPS IN WRITING
1.Don’t be afraid to be augmentative.
2.Look at all sides of the issue and base
your position on a thorough examinations
of all the relevant evidence
1.Convince the readers that you have
critically read the text or analyzed the
issue.
2.Express your thoughts clearly and
concisely.

31. 31
Written Works
Assessment / 15

32. Performance Task “Position Paper”
Directions: Create a position paper with the following
considerations:
1. A topic you are most interested in
2. A topic you know a lot about (or can learn a lot about)
3. A topic about which you can make a non-cliché
argument
4. A topic about which you can make an argument that
the audience can theoretically disagree with you about
(i.e., no “sky is blue”-type argument most people already
accept).
5. A topic that lends itself to research

33. Objective: Defends a stand on an issue by presenting
reasonable arguments supported by properly cited
factual evidence

34. SCORING RUBRICS
Standards Outstanding-4 Accomplished-3 Developing-2 Needs Improvement
1
SCORE
Attention
Grabber
The introductory
paragraph has a strong
hook or attention
grabber that is
appropriate for the
audience. This could be
a strong statement, a
relevant quotation,
statistic, or question
addressed to the reader.
The introductory
paragraph has a
hook or attention
grabber, but it is
weak, rambling or
inappropriate for the
audience.
The author has
an interesting
introductory
paragraph but
the connection
to the topic is not
clear.
The introductory
paragraph is not
interesting AND is not
relevant to the topic.
Support for
Position
Includes 3 or more pieces
of evidence (facts,
statistics, examples, real-
life experiences) that
support the position
statement. The writer
anticipates the reader's
concerns, biases or
arguments and has
provided at least 1
counterargument.
Includes 3 or more
pieces of evidence
(facts, statistics,
examples, real-life
experiences) that
support the position
statement.
Includes 2 pieces
of evidence
(facts, statistics,
examples, real-life
experiences) that
support the
position
statement.
includes 1 or fewer
pieces of evidence
(facts, statistics,
examples, real-life
experiences).

35. Standards Outstanding-4 Accomplished-3 Developing-2 Needs
Improvement
1
SCORE
Content and
Development
Takes a strong, well-defined
position; uses at least three
appropriate reasons with at
least two supporting details
for each reason. Counter
arguments effectively
addressed, without
undercutting position.
Clear position taken and
defined; some reasons
and some details present,
but not fully developed.
Counter arguments
addressed.
Position not clearly
stated; development is
brief, unrelated,
unsupported general
statements, reasons, and
details, minimal facts
used. Counter arguments
not acknowledged.
No clear position
taken; reasons
underdeveloped; no
supporting facts
used.
Grammar,
Punctuation
and Spelling
Rules of grammar, usage,
punctuation are
followed; spelling is
correct. Language is
clear and precise;
sentences display
consistently strong, varied
structure.
Rules of grammar,
usage, punctuation
are followed with
minor errors. Few/ no
spelling errors.
Paper contains few
grammatical,
punctuation and
spelling errors.
Language lacks
clarity or includes the
use of some jargon or
conversational tone.
Paper contains
few grammatical,
punctuation and
spelling errors.
Language lacks
clarity or includes
the use of some
jargon or
conversational
tone.

36. Standards Outstanding-4 Accomplished-3 Developing-2 Needs
Improvement
1
SCORE
Organization
and Structure
Structure of the paper is
clear and easy to follow.
Paragraph transitions are
logical and maintain the
flow of thought
throughout the paper.
Conclusion is logical and
flows from the body of
the paper.
Structure is mostly
clear and easy to
follow. Paragraph
transitions are present.
Conclusion is logical.
Structure of the paper
is not easy to follow.
Paragraph transitions
need improvement.
Conclusion is not
logical.
Organization and
structure detract
the message of
the writer.
Paragraphs are
disjointed and lack
transitions of
thoughts.
TOTAL = 20

37. WHAT ABOUT MANIFESTO AS A
FORM OF WRITING?

38. Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the
position or program of its issuer. A manifesto advances
a set of ideas, opinions, or views, but it can also layout
a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most
often concerns art, literature, or politics. Manifestos are
generally written in the name of a single individual.
It combines a sometimes violent societal critique
with an inaugural and inspirational declaration of
change. Although manifestos can claim to speak for
the majority, they are often authored by societal
activist and usually linked to new ideas.

39. The Purpose of a Manifesto
Manifestos create direction, focus and purpose. This
can be important in both business and personal life.
Not only do they clarify your beliefs but they help to
explore your motives while creating policies and
aims.
A manifesto discusses your personal goals in print
and helps you to evaluate opportunities for reaching
them. It can also show the world how you are going
to contribute to the future you want to see.

40. TYPES OF

41. ❖Election or electoral
manifesto- list of promises
to citizens which is issued
by a political party. The list
shows the ideology of the
party and its commitment
to the citizens. It is in the
form of a pamphlet or
booklet issued to tell
people about the party's
programmes and policies.

42. ❖Manifestos relating to religious belief are referred to as creeds
➔A creed is a set of fundamental beliefs; a guiding
principle. Other synonyms are credo, doctrine, dogma,
gospel, ideology, philosophy, and testament.
➔Perhaps the most famous manifestos of all time is also
the most popular book ever written. It was also the
first book ever mass produced. It’s The Bible. It’s the
sacred document for the Christian faith. In particular,
the Ten Commandments are a crucial element. They
define the rules for living

43. ❖Educational
manifestos
As the name implies,
these are manifestos
involving issues
concerning
education and are
written by educators
and professionals in
the field of
education.

44. ❖Scientific and
technological
manifestos
These cover topics
normally dealing with
policies on the areas of
science and technology,
by scientists and
technology experts.

45. Some companies and artists pack their goals into a few lines.
Others might use a page to declare the impact they want to
make on the world. Check out these sample advertisements.
Nike: Purpose Moves Us
Our purpose is to unite the world through sport to create a
healthy planet, active communities and an equal playing field for
all.
Nike packs power into one line: “Purpose moves us.” Their
revolving goal is a changing and moving effort to create an
active planet. With their manifesto, Nike provides articles and
inspiration on how the company is working to achieve their goals
through their products.

46. ACTIVITY

47. Determine what type of manifestos are the
following.
1
2

48. 3

49. An argument is a claim or proposition put forward
along with reasons or evidence supporting it.

51. 3 Parts of Argument
1.Assertion-is usually a simple statement
(claim or proposition) such as:
EXAMPLE:
“Television news is boring.”
“Tomato soup is better than grilled
cheese sandwiches.”

52. 2. Reasoning-is the “because” part of an argument or
the premise. It supports the assertion/proposition. It
answers the question, ”Why did you say that?”, as in
the following:
EXAMPLE:
“Television news is boring because it doesn’t talk
about issues that are relevant to me.”
“Tomato soup is better than a grilled cheese
sandwich because it is more nutritious.”

53. 3. Evidence-supports reasoning. There
are many different kinds of evidence,
ranging from expert testimony or
statistics to historical or contemporary
examples. Evidence must relate to the
reason and must be enough or
sufficient to support the reason.

54. “Television news is boring because it doesn’t talk
about issues that are relevant to me. For example,
I never see stories about the issues that kids deal
with every day.”
“Tomato soup is better than a grilled cheese
sandwich because it is more nutritious. For
example, tomato soup contains important
vitamins such as lycopene, while grilled cheese
sandwiches really don’t have that much
nutritional value at all.”

55. The Purpose of Arguments: To Convince or Persuade
A parent might use a simple gesture or facial
expression to persuade a child to refrain from a
specific behavior; advertisers sometimes try to
convince us to buy their products with advertisements
that depict a pretty woman. Sometimes people try to
persuade by manipulating language in a variety of
ways, such as, through threats and flattery, or by
calling people names that have powerful emotional
associations, or phrases that insinuate or suggest
claims.

56. SYNTHESIS
- What is Position paper
- Steps in Writing
- Parts of Position paper
- Manifesto
- Types of manifest

57. HOME WORK
1.What are the various kinds of reports
2.Define the following terms?
- Survey report
- Field report
LET’S ENJOY THE LAST FEW WEEK OF 1ST
SEMESTER

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