This document provides guidance on analyzing arguments in manifestos. It defines what an argument is and outlines the key components. The document then discusses examining the author's method, persona, and purpose to effectively analyze the argument. Specific tips are provided, such as identifying the author's use of evidence and consideration of alternative views. Rhetorical devices that could indicate the argument, such as logos, ethos and pathos are also summarized. The overall goal is to help readers thoughtfully understand and critique the arguments presented in manifestos.

1. EAPP Q2 MODULE 1
ANALYZES THE ARGUMENTS
USED BY THE WRITER/S IN
MANIFESTOES

2. At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Analyze the arguments used by the writer/s in
manifestoes; (CS_11/12a-eapp-iia-d-3)
2. Use techniques in identifying arguments used by
the writer/s in manifestoes; and
3. Value the importance of analyzing an argument.

3. Analyzing a writer’s argument in a manifesto is a necessary skill.
It helps the reader to critically examine the content of the text
as well as the techniques used by the writer.
Most especially when the reader analyses the argument, he/she
could draw conclusion from the manifesto. Let us explore more
the importance of analyzing the arguments used by the writer/s
in manifestoes by answering the questions below
Task 1

4. 1. WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT?
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2. CITE A SCENARIO WHERE ARGUMENT COULD BE USED.
SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER.
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Task 1

5. WRITING AN ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENT
An argument, in the academic context, is a formal way to
make a point in academic writing. This remains distinct from
the real world definition where an argument might mean a
fight or a conflict. An argument consists of two parts:
1. A claim or statement that summarizes the main idea.
2. A reason why that claim is true, and/or evidence to
support that claim.

6. LET US LOOK AT THIS EXAMPLE!
Reflective writing can help students become better
thinkers. It can help students see that ideas are meant to be
discussed and debated. Bridges and Jost found that students
who did weekly reflective journal writing about their course
content for a semester could analyze course concepts at a
deeper level than those who didn’t.

7. LET US ANALYZE THE ARGUMENT:
1. In this case, the sentence "Reflective writing can help
students become better thinkers" is the claim.

8. LET US ANALYZE THE ARGUMENT:
2. The claim is expanded upon in the next sentence, "It can
help students see that ideas are meant to be discussed and
debated." Finally, evidence is presented, often in the form of
a citation. Here, we read that "Bridges and Jost found that
students who did weekly reflective journal writing about their
course content for a semester could analyze course concepts
at a deeper level than those who didn't." This evidence
supports the originally presented claim and its expansion.

9. LET US ANALYZE THE ARGUMENT:
In analyzing an argument, one must apply the following
steps in order to understand the text thoughtfully:
1. Read the text several times and think about it
2. Write or jot down in your notes things that can help you
track own thoughts and writer’s thesis
3. Look for transitions that help draw conclusions and verbs
that imply evidence

10. REMEMBER:
If there is no clear thesis try to think of a
hypothesis that might support it by analyzing
argument through:
a. Examining the author’s method
b. Examining the author’s persona
c. Examining the author’s purpose

11. REMEMBER:
If there is no clear thesis try to think of a
hypothesis that might support it by analyzing
argument through:
a. Examining the author’s method
b. Examining the author’s persona
c. Examining the author’s purpose

12. EXAMINING THE
AUTHOR’S METHOD

13. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
1. Does the author quote authorities?
- Are these authorities really competent in
this field?
- Are there any equally competent
authorities who take different views
ignored?

14. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
2. Does the writer use statistics?
- If so, are they appropriate to the point
being argued?
- Can they be interpreted differently?

15. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
3. Does the writer build the argument by
using examples or analogies?
-Are they satisfactory?
4. Does the writer consider all relevant
factors?
-Has he or she omitted some points that you
think should be discussed?

16. EXAMINING THE
AUTHOR’S PERSONA

17. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
1. In some persuasive writing this persona or
voice or presentation of the self maybe no
less important than the presentation of
evidence.

18. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
2. In writing your essay:
(a) tell your readers of the author’s methods;
(b) be aware of the purpose of the material in
you are responding;
(c) (c) indicate your thesis statement since
your paper is an argument

19. EXAMINING THE
AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

20. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
An author’s purpose is his reason for or intent
in writing. An author’s purpose may be to
amuse the reader, to persuade the reader, to
inform the reader, or to satirize a condition.

21. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
1. Examine if the author tries to relate a story
or to recount events, an author uses
narrative writing.
2. Examine if the author to tell what
something looks like, sounds like, or feels
like, the author uses descriptive writing

22. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
3. Examine if the author convinces a reader to
believe an idea or to take a course of action,
the author uses persuasive writing.
4. Examine if the author informs or teach the
reader, the author uses expository writing.

23. TIPS IN ANALYZING THE ARGUMENT:
Remember: The reader could also use
RHETORICAL DEVICES of persuasion to
analyze the argument of the writer:

24. RHETORIC is the art of effective or persuasive
speaking or writing, especially the use of
figures of speech and other compositional
devices.

25. RHETORIC is the art of effective or persuasive
speaking or writing, especially the use of
figures of speech and other compositional
devices.

26. 1. Logos (logic) appeals to the reader based
on logic. The content of the manifesto may
include:
a. Arguments and benefits
b. facts and figures
c. scientific research
d. statistics and percentages

27. 2. Ethos (experience) appeals to the reader
based on authority or honesty of the writer.
The manifesto may include:
a. personal anecdote
b. client testimonial
c. success story
d. track record

28. 3. Pathos (passion) appeals to the readers
through emotion.
The manifesto may include:
a. positive and negative stories
b. emotions like frustrations, anger, love and
respect