1. Stepping stones:
Enhancing the quality of primary education
Team Details
1.Amit Talukdar 4-Arya Mukhopadhyay
2-Rahul Somra 5-Vipin Dwivedi
3-Rhythm Khanna
Introducing the concept of Public Funding and
Private Handling in the new Educational Structural
Layout

2. No electricity
Less than 4 class-rooms
No girls toilet
Schools with 1 teacher
No drinking water facility
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2010 2011 2012 2020
Students of class V who
couldn't read class II text
2010
2011
2012
2020
Rote learning promoted
Halted examination system
Unfit study material
-In more than 1 lakh schools ,each student is given less
than 20 minutes per month by the teacher
-99% of 7.95 lakh teachers not fit to teach

3. Infrastructure
• It plays one of the major role in making government primary schools a failure
• Incomplete structure, single or no bathrooms, improper water supply , inadequate
classrooms structures ,absence of electricity, broken or no furniture make it unworthy
for education
Management
• Unavailability of basic resources for teaching.
• Lack of supervision on teachers make them more corrupt.
• Improper attendance marking methods results in loss of discipline.
• Unorganized school staff adds to the misery.
• Improper hygiene and dirty and unhealthy environment dangerous for children.
Educational Quality
• Rote method of learning as a root cause for the system failure
• No importance given to innovative thinking , skill development and creativity.
• No encouragement given for concept based learning and application based studies.
• Least importance given to English literacy.
• Subjects like Mathematics and Science are not given proper attention
Analyzing the root cause
Dividing the problems under three categories

4. Privately held primary institutions fulfill all necessary requirements of education in terms of
standard and resources as they function in a competitive market and they have the responsibility of
giving the output to their customers and further expanding their customer’s base
-The public schools running across the nation will be under full control of a privately managed
staff on contract basis.
-Opposite from a primary school where education fee is taken from parents to make the school
run and maintained. In this system the funds for the school to function will come from the
government but in an innovative manner.
-Each child will be issued a monthly education card or a coupon. These coupons will be of the
value of the child’s education ,resources and other requirements in the school and the school
can then submit the cards for the sanctioning of the funds to manage and run the school.
-The transportation cost will be managed by the government. So as to remove the barrier of
distance and enabling the society to send the child to the school of their wish.
-The government funds will increase on basis like enrollment. Academic performance and
gender ratio giving a chance to the school authorities to expand their business and earn more
profit.
I
Introducing a hybrid model of education system management by privately held school
staff run by government aid to provide free primary education
Key Points:

5. Coupon Amount
• The amount will be decided on the basis of a mean of money spent on child’s education in public and
in private sector taking assistance from surveys like PROBE.
• As different schools have different fee, the coupon’s value will not be fixed. It can be upgraded and
downgraded within a limit but that will depend upon the present and past performance of the school
in terms of academic performance, customer base and gender equality
• It will be free of cost but there will be a nominal monthly fee to be submitted to the school
authorities.
Government grants
• The grants by the government will be transferred to the schools account on monthly basis and will
deviate according to the overall performance of the institute with a minimum to a maximum limit.
• In order to let the school expand its business, additional money will be allotted to school if there is an
improvement in enrollment and other factors.
• The aid amount can be sanctioned to the school in cases of urgencies and other genuine requirements
Basic Infrastructure
• For the school to be functional, it will be mandatory for the authorities to install some equipments
beforehand.
• These equipments will include a biometric attendance system, water supply and separate toilets and a
electricity supply.
• Only after the above requirements are met, the private authority will be certified to start its functions.
• For new establishments, the building design will be universal and will contain 8 classrooms,2
additional rooms and separate toilets and will be built by the government funds. The authorities can
expand the structure but only as per the guidelines of the authority.
• The new classrooms will contain cemented seating facilities with continuous table and separate seats
to avoid overcrowding of classrooms.
Education Coupons issued
to students
Child enrolled in the school
School communicates to
government for funds

6. The quality in education system can only increase by a shift from rote method of education to a
system that will inculcate creativity,original thinking and skills and yield proper education
standards to the children.
Improving Quality by fixing resources and Assessment pattern
Enhancing the quality of education by introduction of revised
resources along with an improved teaching methodology
backed by the assessment system
The idea is to make student resources and teachers’ resources run parallel to
each other and the new pattern of assessment will ensure the credibility of
system
-Instead of condensed information. The books and syllabus will be designed in order to give the
student a detailed analysis of the concept in simple language so that the student finds it easier
to study by himself.
-There will be a teaching edition book for each subject. From which the teacher will have to
teach. The teaching edition will make sure the material delivered is of the best quality and that
the students can relate it to their books.
-Introduction of a new centralized assessment pattern that will give genuine information
regarding the student’s conceptual level about the syllabus science , english and mathematics.
-Introduction of a new subject containing moral science , patriotism and social awareness.

7. Revising the Study material
-The material that will be provided to the students
will be based on slow learning concept where the
stress will be more on mastering the concept rather
than on syllabus completion.
-To achieve this , the material delivered will follow a
pattern of building a strong base in student and will
involve student’s other skills during the process of
learning.
-Each concept in the book will follow the following
serial order of teaching:
Theorizing-visualizing-thinking-analyzing-
reasoning-problem solving
-The language in text books will be very simple to
understand.
-The english subject will contain topics to boost the
speaking and listening abilities.
-Inculcating community participation and patriotism
among the students by introducing a new activity
based subject which will function along with NGO’s.
Centralized Assessment system
-The assessment pattern will work in order to
examine the functioning of the private schools and
tracking their performance in two fields-assessment
of learning and assessment of teaching to give
improvement details to the government in order to
manage funds to schools.
-The assessment of subjects like mathematics and
science will be based on questions from real world
applications, quiz games, along with other interactive
games and videos.MCQ questions will also be
included and for english questions to improve
listening skills and typing skills will be included.
-Along with monitoring the children, there will be a
monthly assessment of teachers and the stats will be
given to school for improvement.
-For getting eligible for part-time jobs, the applicants
will have to go through an assessment test after
which they will be certified for applying for jobs.
Specifying the Teacher’s Role and Mitigating Their Shortage
-It will be compulsory for the teacher to refer to the teacher’s edition book while teaching.
-We will mitigate the shortage of teachers by introducing part-time and full-time jobs in
primary schools , thereby streamlining the youth involved in BPO s, retired individuals from
banks and other sectors.
-Assessment system will filter the eligible applicants and will help in providing man power.

8. -The coupon system ,along with free transportation will empower the society with available options to
choose from thus increasing competition among schools in terms of providing better standards of
education and giving responsible output .
-Giving public sector a private control will overcome the prevalent shortcomings of maintenance
, management and resources.
-The fluctuation in funding as per the performance of the schools will result in the school management
keeping a check on the dropout rate and will also working for increasing enrollment for more profits.
-The raised standards in primary schools will make parents interested in education too thus promoting it.
-Additional grants for improved gender ratio and good academic results will further raise its standards.
-The genuine assessment will give correct level of statistical data for taking future decisions regarding
reforms of education policies and schemes.
-The proposed system of recruitment will remove the teacher shortage problem and enhance
employability rate.
-The improved quality education will ensure a bright future for our nation.
How will it be Helpful?
If we implement the proposed model , it will give standard quality education to the 230
million students will provide employment to 10 million people

9. Issuing coupons
• With so many unorganized children across the nation , it will indeed be a
challenge to provide coupons to each and every child.
Providing Transportation
• Providing regular transportation to students living far from the school in the
outskirts ,in rural or in densely populated areas will be a challenge.
Sanctioning Money
• For this system to function properly ,the funding from the government will
have to be quick so as to enable the school authorities continue their
function.
Keeping Assessment Pattern transparent
• The assessment patter forms the main pillar for the proposed system and
transparency of which is important ,so it will be government’s responsibility
to keep a check on its function.
Tracking the academic performing of schools
• In order to provide schools with additional funds ,it is important that the
schools give good academic results so tracking so many schools will require a
lot of work force.
Challenges faced by the government: MITIGATION STEPS
-Pre-planned promoting for
parents to collect coupons for their
children
-Maintaining the transportation
vehicles will help the process to
run smoothly
-The school can give a rough
estimate of the amount needed so
that the government can prepare.
-Refreshing the paper pattern and
questions asked frequently
-Employing more people to keep
records of the result state-wise
and then giving the grants
accordingly
Probable challenges faced by the government and mitigation steps

10. INFORMATION & RESOURCES:
• “Primary Education in India” : an Article by Ranjani Iyer Mohanty, India correspondent,
“AboutKidsHealth”
• Annual Status of Education Report ( Rural) 2012 (Provisional) published on 17th January,
2012. facilitated by Pratham.
• Elementary Education in India: Progress towards UEE Analytical Tables 2011-12.
• Forbes Survey Files ( Source: file:///G:/primary%20education/forbes%20survey.htm)
• A publication by Parth J Shah at ICSSR Conference on New Economic Policies for a New
India titled “On the Role of Government and Civil Society in Education: Liberalisation,
Accountability, and Empowerment”.
• An article by Kulsum Mustafa titled “Harnessing the Primary Education challenge in
Uttar Pradesh” (http://www.unicef.org/india/resources_1930.htm )
• A provisional report of PROBE (http://www.ashanet.org/stats/PROBE.html)
• Case Studies ( Field Visit at Loyola Public School, Punjab)
• Indiatimes Website
• An article by Sriram Balasubramanian titled “Primary Education in India Needs a Fix”
published in Forbes India dated May 27, 2013.
• Other Sources: Internet, Journals, Articles and Statistical Tables.
Picture Resources:
• Background Image of Indian Flag (file:///G:/primary%20education/images/indian%20flag%20-
%20Google%20Search_files/blank_003.htm and http://www.webgranth.com/impressive-collection-of-
desktop-independence-day-wallpapers)
• Cover Image ( Source : Google)
• Bibliography Background Image ( Source: http://sinacaymarvin.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/walk-to-
school.jpg)