Coal gasification and detail history of coal

2. COAL GASIFICATION
Split PhD Program under INSPIRE Project of HEC
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro &
Shenyang Aerospace University, China
City

3.  Introduction
 Clean Coal Technologies
 Coal Gasification
 Mechanism of Gasification
 Types of Gasification
 Applications
 Future of Thar Coal
 Current Research in Coal Gasification

4. Coal is a black or brown rock that can be ignited
and burned to produce energy in the form of heat.

5. Coal is ranked from PEAT to ANTHRACITE

6. – Lignite (brown coal) - 25% to 35% carbon,
around 70% when dry
– Subbituminous – 35% to 45% carbon
– Bituminous – 45% to 86% carbon
– Anthracite (black coal) – 86% to 98% carbon

10.  Less power generation capacity
 Environmental Concerns
 Coal Mining is difficult/costly

11.  Coal washing
 Wet scrubbers
 Low NOx burners
 Electrostatic precipitators
 Gasification
 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
 Fuel Cells
 Magneto-hydrodynamics

13. Coal gasification is a process that converts solid coal into a
combustible gas, composed primarily of carbon monoxide and
hydrogen, by adding an oxidizing agent.
Coal gasification offers a practical means of utilizing coal for meeting
stringent environmental control requirements (Clean-Energy US,
2005).
In the gasification process sulfur present in the coal is converted to
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and minor amounts of carbonyl sulfide (COS)
and can be easily and economically removed from gas streams by a
wide variety of commercially available processes.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are not formed to any appreciable extent in
the reducing atmosphere of coal gasification. The particulate content
in the fuel gas after gasification is negligible since the gas-cleaning
steps capture almost all particulate emissions (Rao, 2005).

15. Gas Phase Reactions
Gas-Solid Phase Reactions

16. Coal
Gasification
Surface
Gasification
Underground Coal
Gasification (UCG)

21. NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF COAL
 Energy crisis in Pakistan:
Severe shortage of electricity and natural gas has badly
affected the industrial and social activities.
 COAL- A cheap source of energy:
Widely used throughout the world for power generation,
cement and other process industry.
 The world energy consumption by fuel:
Highest share in electricity generation and the second
highest in primary energy consumption

22. NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF COAL
Fuel/ Resource
Primary Energy
Consumption
Electricity
Consumption
Coal 30.3% 37%
Gas 23.7% 16%
Oil 33.1% 9%
Renewable 8.0% 21%
Nuclear 4.9% 17%
World Energy Consumption by Fuel
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012

23. NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF COAL
 Coal Reserves in Province of Sindh, Pakistan:
Field wise coal reserves of Sindh are as follows
 Thar coalfield Potential:
It has the potential to meet the energy requirement of the
country for more than a century
a) Thar Coal Field = 175.60 billion tons
b) Lakhra Coal Field = 1.64 billion tons
c) Thatta – Sonda = 7.46 billion tons
Total = 184.70 billion tons

24. NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF COAL
Utilization of Coal in Pakistan:
Source: Munawar A. Sheikh (2010), Energy and renewable
energy scenario of Pakistan, Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 354–363.

25. NATIONAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF COAL
 Ground Realities for Non-Utilization of Thar Coal:
Multifarious reasons, including Technical, Financial, Geopolitical
and Law & order.
o Non-availability of fresh water at Thar
o Presence of highly saline ground water
o Poor strata conditions
o High stripping ratio
o High Moisture in Coal
 What are the OPTIONS to Utilize Thar Coal Economically?
GASIFICATION

26.  Use of modern computer techniques (like
CFD) to improve the overall efficiency of
Gasification.
 Biological Gasification
 Flameless Gasification
 Co-gasification

27.  My Research Work….

28.  Coal Gasification in our Department