This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques. It covers projecting points, lines, planes and full objects onto a picture plane from different angles. Key aspects covered include the glass box concept, line conventions regarding visible, hidden and center lines, and correctly projecting object features like edges, corners and surfaces in different views. Multiview projection involves revolving the object or moving the observer to generate front, top, side and other views to fully represent the 3D object.
4. MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Three principle dimensions
of an object …
Width Depth
Height
Width
Height
Depth
Depth
… can be presented only
two in each view.
Adjacent view(s)
is needed to
fulfill the size
description.
5. 1. Revolve the object with respect
to observer.
TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW
REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT
2. The observer move around the
object.
11. OBJECT FEATURES
Edges are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces.
Corners Represent the intersection of two or
more edges.
Edge
Corner
Edge No edge
No corner No corner
12. Surfaces are areas that are bounded by edges
or limiting element.
Limiting
element
is a line that represents the last visible
part of the curve surface.
Surface Surface Surface
Limit
Limit
OBJECT FEATURES
20. PROJECTION OF OBJECT
The views are obtained by projecting all object
features to the picture plane.
You have to project the remaining surfaces which are
invisible too !
30. CENTER LINE PRACTICE
In circular view, short dash should cross at the
intersections of center line.
For small hole, center line is presented as thin
continuous line.
Center line should not extend between views.
Leave space Leave space
31. Leave the gap when centerline forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line
Leave
space
Leave
space
Leave
space
Leave
space
Center line should always start and end with
long dash.
CENTER LINE PRACTICE