this topic is written by our self on clean coal technology and important of clean coal technology

1. GroupLeader:
Rameez Qureshi 18EE43
Members:
Imran Ali 18EE36
Asfand Qureshi 18EE47
Sajid Jalbani 18EE19
Mustafa Memon 18EE38
Sajid Shar 18EE45

2. INTRODUCTION:
What is Coal?
What are two types of coal?
Which type of coal found in Pakistan?
Coal: Coal is a combustion sedimentary rock
(Combustible means which are in inflammable) usually found in
brownish black color mainly coal is found in layer of rock state.
Coal plays an important role in the production of energy.
Types of coal:

3. There are four types of coal
1. Anthracite
2. Lignite
3. Bituminous
4. Peat
Because of the carbon contains based. If carbon contain is greater
in the coal that coal is good one and if the carbon is low in coal
than that coal is not good one.
Anthracite: Anthracite is considered is the best quality of coal
because it is carbon contains percentage is 85 and it has high
calorific value.
Bituminous:Bituminous is considered as the good quality coal
because its carbon contain is about 56% to 85% and this coal has
low moisture and it has highest calorific value.
Lignite:It is considered as the low quality of coal. Because in lignite
the content is about 35% to 50% and it has high moisture and that’s
why it is considered as low quality of coal. It is brown in color and it
has low calorific value.

4. Peat:It is considered as the lowest quantity of coal. Because it
carbon content is about 35% only and it has high moisture. If we
use peat for burning it produce high amount of pollution smoke.
THAR COAL:
The Thar coal is situated in Thar Desert. Tharparkar
District of Sindh province in Pakistan. Thar coal is 16th largest coal
reserves in the world which is discovered in 1991 by Geological
survey of Pakistan (GSP) and united states agency. Now in Pakistan
coal currently produced 1% of electric power generation.
Whatiscleancoaltechnology?
Clean coal technologies enhance the efficiency and
environmental acceptability of coal preparation and uses
An industry leader can focus on the clean coal technology to ensure
energy security and independence of our country.
Coal is too most plentiful domestic resource. There are enough last
at least 275 years can’t rate of used. Based on 60% recovery rate we
have 300 billion tones recoverable reserves. It is cheap, plentiful and
secure.

5. The U.S is increasing in independence on imported oil. Natural gas
is becoming an international comraderies subjected that the same
problem of supplyas oil. The grand of clean coal industry were
bring opportunities Kentucky. In addition to the economic and
secerity benefits. Clean coal technologies can insure continues
Kentucky coal resources, an environmentally sound manner.
Powerwhichisusedforcleaningthecoal:
1. Gasification:
2. CoalWashing
3. Wet scrubbers
4. LowNOxburners
5. Electrostaticsprecipitators
6. CarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)
7. FuelCell
8. Magnetohydrodynamics
1.Gasification:
Gasification is the corner stone technology of clean coal
processes. Gasification technologies are used in industries to
manufacturing the wide ray of products. Gasification is the first

6. step of producing clean and efficiency energy fuel and other
value able products. The chemical reaction in the coal
hydrogen and carbon-monoxide rich gas called synthesis gas.
Synthesis gas can be used in the electrical power generation to
production of transportation fuels and other chemicals over
through grading as the replacement for natural gas. Synthesis
gas can also be used to produce Ammonia, fertilizers synthesis
fuels and waxes. Because gasification is uses oxygen rather than
air to produce synthesis gas resulting gas stream is smaller and
is hot diluted with nitrogen so for removed part of process with
more carbon dioxide and no nitrogenous sulfur in gas stream
clean up message cheaper and more efficiency for transitional
co-gum methods.
Natural gas is fossil fuels composed of primarily of methane.
Natural gas found in oil and gas field as well as cold held. As
natural gas is used to produced gasoline, diesel, and hydrogen
and fertilize, it can also be used to cook foods in home and
generators for electrical power.
In recent year the price of gas in North America has increased
due to rising domain for electricity that has been called the

7. North America natural gas crises. The solution to the natural
gas crises is find out the natural gas to accumulatethe rise in
dominate. This domestic shortage in natural gas can be resolve
by using synthetic natural gas from coal. Synthetic natural gas
or S.N.G can be produced so it is chemically identical to pipe
line quality natural gas. This causes carbon monoxide and to
react with hydrogen on the synthesis gas. The reaction
produces synthetic natural gas. The synthetic natural gas is
cooled, dried and compressed because SNG is chemically
equivalent to natural gas and has equivalent energy content. It
can be transported through pipe line tankers and used in the
sank applications as natural gas. Doing the process of
manufacturing SNG ammonia can be extracted used to
produce fertilizers disinfectants nitic acid and gas odorants.
Coal and other hydrocarbons have been gasified for production
of chemicals fertilizers and synthetic fuels for work than half of
century. It is only last 20 years that coal gasification has been
used to generate electricity using the integrated gasification
turbine cycle process.

8. In combine cycle power plant two turbines are used to generate
electricity.
1st hot gas is used to power gas turbine and produced electricity
and next waste heat is recover and used to boil water
producing steam for steam turbines. These added steps
generate more electricity from each pound of coal and thus
more cleanly compared to traditional coal combustion because
the gas stream is concentrated.
2.IGCCTechnology:
The IGCC process produces electricity
cleanly and efficiently. In a conventional power plant emission
are removed at the end of process with IGCC technology
pollutants are removed before the synthesis gas it burnt.
3. CarbonCaptured(Sequestrationanduses):
Carbon dioxide is believed as one of the
leading causes of global warming. Gasification process allows
carbon dioxide can be removed from waste stream to carbon
captured or sequestration technologies. Because of the
concentrated levels of carbon dioxide in the waste stream,

9. gasification is more mineable carbon captured and
sequestration in the combustion exhausted known as fuel gas
conventional coal combustion carbon captured and
sequestration are various stage and research development.
These technologies one day help limit back fossil fuels used on
environment. Carbon captured sequestration for CCS involves
separating pressurizing and storing carbon dioxide from fossil
fuel used.
The CCS method closes to the complementation is post
combustion captured which can be appliedto existing power
raised coal combustion power plants. After coal burnt
generation electricity. Chemical solvents extract carbon dioxide
from blue gas. The clean flue gas condinvely to the atmosphere
5. Wet Scrubbers:or fuel gas desulfurization system remove sulfur
dioxide a major cause of acid rain, by spraying flue gas with
limestone and water. The mixture reacts with the sulfur dioxide
to form synthetic gypsum, a component of drywall.
6. CoalWashing: Grinding coal into pieces and passing it
through gravity filtration.One technique putting coal into a

10. barrel with a liquid with a liquid with a specific density where
the coal floats and the impurities sink.
CleanCoalTechnologyfrom2009-2010:
Reference: The Economist 2009 Trouble in store carbon capture and
storage march 5th 2009 from economic.
In 2009:
A coal will to play an important role in world. Clean coal technology since
since use the 1970s. The global demand of coal has been increased after
1980. Developing countries are accepting new investment in coal-fired
power plant without CCTs because there is lake of awareness and
knowledge of people,it is projected that more than 96% of growth is
demand for coal between 2009 and 2035. Thus making coal use cleaner
technology in developing countries is environmental important and
economically effective.
In 2010:
The term clean coal has been derived by the coal industries. In 2010 there
are some industries of coal in front of world in developing countries. After
some awareness and knowledge the coal is benefits of people without any
disturbance of environment

11. In 2011:
In 2011 CCS which is stand for carbon capture and storage, it is a type of
clean coal technology. In this technology coal-fired power plants are used.
A power plant can trap carbon dioxide in one of three ways. After
combustion the carbon dioxide captured from exhausted of a power plant
before combustion. In this case a controlled amount of oxygen is to be
used to turn coal or natural gas into “syngas” a mixture of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen.
A third method involves burning of fossil fuels in oxygen. In this process
the result is an exhausted stream of water vapour and carbon dioxide
which are separated by cooling and compressing the gas stream.
In 2012:
Despite of high CO2 emission released by coal-fired energy production,
coal will remain an important source of energy in coming steps/decades. In
2012 or before it China, Germany, Japan and U.S for clean coal
technology. We concentrate on two existing technological standards super
critical and ultra super critical pulverized coal technologies. China has
become the primary energy consumer in the world after 2012consuming
48% of world’s coal in 2010 in 48% of China’s coal consumption is used
by power generation industry which causes unavoidable environmental
problems in the country. Coal is also responsible for 90% of SO2

12. emission, 70% of dust emission which are very harmful for environment
But as the most abundant energy resource clean coal technologies
currently being developed in china are described being developed in China
describe including high power efficiency combustion and advanced power
generation technologies IGCC (Integrated gasification combined cycle)
and carbon capture storage (CCS). Although china has been developing
clean coal technologies there have been many success in 2012. Many
national research programs and international project have been developed
on IGCC and CCS system.
CleanCoal technologyfrom2017—18
Carbon capture is to reduce our greenhouse gas and extend in our
economy with secure energy.
Report of coal technology is about in 2017is over 1600coal plants are
planned and under construction 62 countries.
In 2017 generation 30% of US. Electricity and 40% of global electricity,
the reason of coal is that the essential component of energy system in the
U.S. and around the world. The coal produce much more we cannot think
about. The china and India are in the between coal energy and each get
about (65%-75%) power from coal. Form the coal these developing
countries is simply huge gas but gas generate less than 5% of power.
China climate is not important that they use less gas but think that they

13. use differently, that use less coal in US. But also other countries are
turning to use coal power.
Pakistan and Indonesia join having 460 people are turn-off to use coal.
With the step power demand the coal is going to as cheap energy source
and more reliable, more secure, much more established source.
South Korea has 45% coal electricity and it is continued. And even with
having a negative population growth rate, Japan “has launched plans to
open 49 new coal-fired power plants in the next step”.
Many of these plants are based on build-on art state of the art technologies
so can they are last step. The truth is that the new plants are in under
constructing around the world.
U.S.Export:
Coal will keep hold on strong market sharing in U.S. But the
US is extracting carbon and flowing it into the global energy system faster
than ever before. The trump administration has been commending energy
rule and it’s lost that we have seen dual support for coal to use right in. In
2017 U.S. coal export spill 61% from 2016 nearly about 90 million tones,
with 50 million tones it is coming from the more costly metallurgy variety
is major in steel market. U.S. export coal rise in 15%in 2018.

14. The Anglo-Swiss trading and mining solid coal production by 12% this
year to about 145 million tones, but then cover output at around this level
the solid said in its advance 2018 result.
Reference:
www.scholar.google.com
www.forbes.com
BOOK:INDONESIAN COAL BOOK
BOOK:STABILITY IN COAL MINING