KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

1. Faculty of Engineering
and Build Environment
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process
Lecturers:
Prof.Dr. Andanastuti Muchtar
Dr. Nashrah Hani Jamadon
Dr. Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan

2. Lilac
presenting......
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process
Fluorescent Lamp

3. Group Members
LUTFIL HADI BIN
HENDRI DWISATRYA
IMRAN HAKIM BIN
HAMRAY
IKMAL IZZUDDIN BIN
AZIZ
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process
KONG JACK GIN NURFATEN ALIYA
BINTI KHAIRUL Fauzy
Physical & Mechanical
Properties
Manufacturing
Process
Applications & Local
Manufacturer
Materials Background Research

4. A light bulb or lamp that produces visible light by
fluorescence.
Flexible form of lighting.
Nurfaten Aliya
Widely used in workplace, school or supermarket.
Known for being more energy-efficient than
incandescent or halogen light bulbs.
Cost savings.
Introduction
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

5. Applications
Imran Hakim
• To light up a room or spaces such as bedroom, kitchen and
hallway.
• Various types and shapes make it can be used in many ways.
• For personal and comercial used such as study lamp and shop
decoration
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

6. What it made from?
The coating inside the glass tube:
Phosphor
• to produce white light. When electricity ionized with mercury
and argon gas in the tube, it will produce invisible ultraviolet
rays (UV) which will have a chemical reaction with the
coating in the tube and will produce white light.
The material in the tube:
Mercury
• Metal electrodes at each end are coated with an alkaline
earth oxide and that will give off electrons easily. When the
electrical current flow through the gas between electrodes,
the gas is ionized and emits ultraviolet radiation.
Argon gas
• To prevent the evaporation of tungsten filaments which
results in increased light bulb life.
Jack
The material used to build the tube:
Borosilicate glass
• provide mechanical strength and heat resistance.
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

7. Physical and
Mechanical
Properties
Optical properties are not
affected by aging that provides
a long-lasting lamp.
Chemically inactive that
makes it suitable for home
and working environment.
Completely
impermeable to
gas.
Has high melting
temperature.
Has an electrically
insulating property.
Brittle but high in
hardness.
Lutfil Hadi
Its glass tube
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

8. - The molten glass runs downwardly at inclined angle. Compressed air is blown into the hollow pipe to keep the glass
tube from collapsing.
- The so-called drawing onion is shaped at the pipe's edge, from which the glass tube is drawn off in free sag on a horizontal pulling line.
- If the drawing speed is maintained, increasing the blow pressure results in larger diameters and thinner walls.
TYPE 1: DANNER PROCESS
Manufacturing Process
Ikmal
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

9. Manufacturing Process
Ikmal
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process
- From the bottom of the feeder, the molten glass passes through an annular slot.
- The annular slot is created by the feeder’s round outlet nozzle and an adjustable height hollow needle (to provide air blow through the glass to
form hollow glass tube.
- The function of height-adjustable hollow needle is to control the wall thickness of the glass tube and to prevent a different wall thickness.
TYPE 2: VELLO PROCESS, PRODUCING HOLLOW TUBE

10. -Manufacture various types of products. Which including a lighting system.
-Founded in 1960 and its corporate office is located in Petaling Jaya, Selangor and one of its factory is in Seremban
-We can easily find this company product everywhere
PHILIPS MALAYSIA SDN.BHD
Local
Manufacturer
Imran Hakim
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process
https://www.philips.com.my/

11. Conclusion
As compared to a traditional light bulb, a fluorescent lamp usually saves between 25-
35% on energy consumption.
Often emit less heat than traditional lighting sources. Since they do not use resistance to emit light, they
produce around 75% less heat than an incandescent bulb.
This saves energy and helps to keep the temperature of the room cooler.
Energy efficient
The amount of savings can make quite an impact on the overall electric
bill.
Fluorescent lamp has longer lifespan, so they do not need to be replaced as often.
Cost savings
Nurfaten Aliya

12. References
Steven Engels 2020. Structures from Borosilicate glass tubes: From experimental data to
structural design https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A46abac79-f897-
4591-a7ba-fa1a7f5188b9 [15 Mey 2021]
Eurotherm.com. Tube Glass.
https://www.eurotherm.com/glass-manufacturing-applications/tube-glass/ [15 Mey 2021]
Borghi, M., Grenfell, J. P., Rabusin, E., & Stephens, S. W. (1980). An improved method of manufacturing a fluorescent lamp.
Lighting Research & Technology, 12(2), 73-82. [13 May 2021]
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

13. References
Glass Types & Properties https://www.dwkltd.com/en/technical/glass-types-properties
[10 May 2021]
Fluorescent lamp https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp#Applications
[10 May 2021]
Fluorescent Lighting
http://my.ilstu.edu/~gjin/p2/Lighting_P2_in_Energy/Lighting_P2_in_Energy6.html
[13 May 2021]
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

14. References
Varshneya, A. K. 1999. Glass forming. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/glass-properties-composition-and-industrial-
production-234890/Glass-forming#ref608424. [13 May 2021]
Fluorescent lamp https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp#Applications
[10 May 2021]
Fluorescent Lighting
http://my.ilstu.edu/~gjin/p2/Lighting_P2_in_Energy/Lighting_P2_in_Energy6.html
[13 May 2021]
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

15. References
Fluorescent lamp
https://www.britannica.com/technology/fluorescent-lamp [10 May 2021]
Introduction to Glass.
https://www.saint-gobain-sekurit.com/global-excellence/our-production-
processes/glossary#:~:text=EN%201288%2D5.-
,The%20main%20characteristics%20of%20glass%20are%20transparency%2C%20heat%2
0resistance%2C%20pressure,breakage%20resistance%20and%20chemical%20resistance
.&text=Thermal%20conductivity%20determines%20the%20amount,time%20at%20a%20te
mperature%20gradient.[10 May 2021]
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

16. References
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/460422761908214046/
https://www.pinterest.com/caobz123/fluorescent-lamp/
https://www.fast-growing-trees.com/products/dwarf-korean-lilac-tree
https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-04-11/Lilac-Tiny-flowers-with-big-uses-
PBe6VRpmIo/index.html
Ways Lighting Affects Students in the Classroom
https://www.alconlighting.com/blog/newsfeed/does-lighting-in-the-classroom-affect-student-concentration/.[24 May 2021]
KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process

17. Thank You
Love from Lilac
Email
imran.hamray@gmail.com
hlutfil443@gmail.com
nurfatenaliya@gmail.com
ikmal.1317@gmail.com
kjg3596@gmail.com
Linkedln
Imran Hamray
Lutfil Hadi
Nurfaten Aliya Khairul Fauzy
Ikmal Izzuddin
Jack Kong