2. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) are infections that affect the airways (below the level of the
larynx), including the trachea and the alveolar sacs.
Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles – the
tubular structures that provide for the passage of air to and from the lungs.
Typical signs consist of incessant coughing, with severe colds triggered by
excessive mucus production within the respiratory canal. ,.
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21. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough
with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of
organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
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23. Some symptoms that may help distinguish pneumonia from
bronchitis include:
confusion in some people, especially seniors
rapid, shallow breathing instead of wheezing
nausea and vomiting, particularly in children and babies
loss of appetite
chills and muscle aches
