Easy to understand

1. Presented by-Dr.Rupendra Arya
M.D. Kaumaryabhritya
CCYP,Dip yoga (BHU)

2. Pneumonia
 Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in
one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or
pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or
pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of
organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can
cause pneumonia

3. Causes of Pneumonia
 Influenza viruses.
 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
 SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19)

5. Symptoms
 The signs and symptoms of pneumonia vary from mild
to severe, depending on factors such as the type of
germ causing the infection, and your age and overall
health. Mild signs and symptoms often are similar to
those of a cold or flu, but they last longer.

6.  Signs and symptoms of pneumonia may include:
 Chest pain when you breathe or cough
 Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older)
 Cough, which may produce phlegm
 Fatigue
 Fever, sweating and shaking chills
 Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and
people with weak immune systems)
 Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
 Shortness of breath
 Newborns and infants may not show any sign of the infection. Or they
may vomit, have a fever and cough, appear restless or tired and without
energy, or have difficulty breathing and eating.

8.  Bacterial pneumonia. This type is caused by various
bacteria. The most common is Streptococcus
pneumoniae. It usually occurs when the body is
weakened in some way, such as by illness, poor
nutrition, old age, or impaired immunity, and the
bacteria are able to work their way into the lungs.
Bacterial pneumonia can affect all ages, but you are at
greater risk if you abuse alcohol, smoke cigarettes, are
debilitated, have recently had surgery, have a
respiratory disease or viral infection, or have a
weakened immune system.

9.  Viral pneumonia. This type is caused by various
viruses, including the flu (influenza), and is
responsible for about one-third of all pneumonia
cases. You may be more likely to get bacterial
pneumonia if you have viral pneumonia.

11.  Mycoplasma pneumonia. This type has somewhat
different symptoms and physical signs and is referred
to as atypical pneumonia. It is caused by the
bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It generally
causes a mild, widespread pneumonia that affects all
age groups.
Other pneumonias. There are other less common pneumonias that may be
caused by other infections including fungi.

12. The symptoms of bacterial pneumonia include:
Bluish color to lips and fingernails
Confused mental state or delirium, especially in older people
Cough that produces green, yellow, or bloody mucus
Fever
Heavy sweating
Loss of appetite
Low energy and extreme tiredness
Rapid breathing
Rapid pulse
Shaking chills
Sharp or stabbing chest pain that’s worse with deep breathing or coughing
Shortness of breath that gets worse with activity
The symptoms of bacterial
pneumonia

13.  Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are the same as
those of bacterial pneumonia, which may be followed
by:
 Headache
 Increasing shortness of breath
 Muscle pain
 Weakness
 Worsening of the cough

14. Mycoplasma pneumonia has somewhat
different symptoms, which include a severe
cough that may produce mucus.

15. pneumonia diagnosis Tool
 Diagnosis is usually made based on your recent health history (such as surgery, a cold, or
travel exposures) and the extent of the illness. Based on these factors, your healthcare
provider may diagnose pneumonia simply on a thorough history and physical exam. The
following tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis:
 Chest X-ray. This test takes pictures of internal tissues, bones, and organs, including the
lungs.
 Blood tests. This test may be used to see whether infection is present and if infection
has spread to the bloodstream (blood cultures). Arterial blood gas testing checks the
amount of oxygen in your bloodstream.
 Sputum culture. This test is done on the material that is coughed up from the lungs and
into the mouth. It’s often used to see if there’s an infection in the lungs.
 Pulse oximetry. An oximeter is a small machine that measures the amount of oxygen in
the blood. A small sensor is taped or clipped onto a finger. When the machine is on, a
small red light can be seen in the sensor. The test is painless and the red light does not
get hot.
 Chest CT scan. This imaging procedure uses a combination of X-rays and computer
technology to produce sharp, detailed horizontal, or axial, images (often called slices) of
the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones,
muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than regular X-rays.

16.  Bronchoscopy. This is direct exam of the bronchi (the
main airways of the lungs) using a flexible tube (called a
bronchoscope). It helps to evaluate and diagnose lung
problems, assess blockages, and take out samples of
tissue and/or fluid for testing,
 Pleural fluid culture. In this test, a sample of a fluid
sample is taken from the pleural space. This is the space
between the lungs and chest wall. A long, thin needle is
put through the skin between the ribs and into the
pleural space. Fluid is pulled into a syringe attached to
the needle. It is sent to the lab where it’s tested to find
out which bacteria is causing the pneumonia.

17. complications of pneumonia
 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This
is a severe form of respiratory failure.
 Lung abscesses. These are pockets of pus that form
inside or around the lung. They may need to be
drained with surgery
 Respiratory failure. This requires the use of a
breathing machine or ventilator.
 Sepsis. This is when the infection gets into the blood.
It may lead to organ failure.

18. Community-acquired Pneumonia
 Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is infectious
pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized.
CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common
causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they
include Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, the atypical bacteria,
and Haemophilus influenzae. Overall, Streptococcus
pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired
pneumonia worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria cause CAP in
certain at-risk populations.
 The term "walking pneumonia" has been used to describe a type
of community-acquired pneumonia of less severity (because the
sufferer can continue to "walk" rather than requiring
hospitalization). Walking pneumonia is usually caused by the
atypical bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

19. Prevention
 You can take a few steps to try and prevent it. Vaccines
can help prevent some types of pneumonia. Good
hygiene (washing your hands often), quitting smoking,
and keeping your immune system strong by getting
regular physical activity and eating healthy are other
ways to lower your risk of getting pneumonia.

20. Treatment
 Pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics. The
antibiotic of choice for first line treatment is
amoxicillin dispersible tablets. Most cases of
pneumonia require oral antibiotics, which are often
prescribed at a health centre

21. Thanks…