6. EUROPEAN PREPAREDNESS FOR
INDUSTRIALISED WAR IN WHICH 3
MILLION MEN PARTICIPATED: 1914.
1.
GERMANY
• ALL 20 YR OLD MEN CONSCRIPTED FOR 2 YRS UNDER CLOSE
SUPERVISION.
• FROM 22 YRS TO 27 YRS WENT TO RESERVES FOR ANNUAL
TRAINING.
• FROM 27 YRS – 39 YRS JOINED LANDSWEHR
(SECONDARY RESERVE)
• FROM 39 YRS – 45 YRS JOINED LANDSTURM
(THIRD LINE OF RESERVES)
• A PERMANENT PROFESSIONAL MILITARY OFFICER CORPS
SECRETLY PLANNING DEFENCE AGAINST/INVASION OF,
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES (NOW BASED ON TOTAL WAR) :
USE OF RAILWAYS, ROAD TRANSPORT, INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE
7. ROAD TO WAR PAVED & READY
WHEN A SERB ASSASSINATED
AUSTRIAN CROWN PRINCE: 1914
9. ECONOMIC STRENGTHS DETERMINE
THE FINAL OUTCOME OF WORLD
WAR 1 (1)
GERMAN ALLIANCE
1. 44 MILLION MEN (15-64) MOBILISATION OUT OF A POPULATION
OF 145 MILLION.
2. BY 1918 13.4 MILLION CASUALTIES:30% OF MOST
ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE.
3. FOOD SUPPLY INADEQUATE: LARGE,POOR, PEASANT
SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, AS WAR WENT ON FOOD SHORTAGES &
STARVATION IN TOWNS/CITIES.
4. GERMAN CIVILIAN ORGANISATION ENSURED PROTECTED
ACCESS TO WAR MATERIALS UNTIL 1915.
5. MILITARY TOOK OVER WAR MATERIAL MANAGEMENT –
CORRUPT & INEFFICIENT.
6. BY 1917:60% OF GERMAN NATIONAL INCOME SPENT ON WAR
7. BY 1916/17: WOMEN FARMING, LIVESTOCK FOOD (TURNIPS ETC)
EATEN, RAILWAY TAKEN OVER BY ARMY, COAL IN SHORT SUPPLY.
10. ECONOMIC STRENGTHS DETRMINE
THE FINAL OUTCOME OF WORLD
WAR 1 (2)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. U.S. ECONOMY GREW BY 13% BETWEEN 1913-1918
(PRINCIPAL BENEFICIARY)
2. GROWTH MAINLY DUE TO MASSIVE COMMODITY
EXPORTS TO BOTH SIDES.
3. ALL CUSTOMERS PAID FOR U.S. IMPORTS IN GOLD,
CAUSED GLUT IN GOLD RESERVES.
4. PRIVATE BANKS MADE LOANS TO ALLIES, INCL. 2200
BANKS LOAN OF $500 MILLION IN 1918.
5. ENTERED WAR APRIL 1917, AS AN “ASSOCIATED
POWER”SENDING 10,000 TROOPS PER DAY 1918.
6. BECAME “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”
11. ECONOMIC STRENGTHS DETERMINE
THE FINAL OUTCOME OF WORLD
WAR 1 (3)
RUSSIA
1. BY 1915 HAD 15 MILLION IN ARMY, BUT THE BEST WERE
DEAD,WOUNDED,CAPTURED.
2. FEEDING THESE HUGE ARMY AT EXPENSE CIVILIANS
(STARVING/IMPOVERISHED)
3. MARCH 1917: PETROGRAD SOVIET ORGANISED FOOD
PROTESTS/ANARCHY
4. PETROGRAD SOVIET ORDER NO.1: ‘SOLDIERS COMMITTEES’
REPLACED OFFICERS.
5. 4 AUGUST 1917 RUSSIAN ARMY CEASED AS FIGHTING FORCE.
6. OCTOBER REVOLUTION 1917: LENIN & TROTSKY SEIZE POWER .
7. NOVEMBER 1917: A BOLSHEVIK FIRST CONGRESS OF SOVIETS
BEGAN TO REMAKE THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
8. RUSSIA SUFFERED TERRIBLY: 2 MILLION ARMY/NAVY DEAD; 1
MILLION WOUNDED; 4 MILL. CAPTIVE;1.5 MILL. CIVILIANS DEAD.
12. ECONOMIC STRENGTHS DETERMINE
THE FINAL OUTCOME OF WORLD
WAR I (4)
BRITAIN & EMPIRE, FRANCE & ITALY
1. ALL ‘ENTENTE POWERS’ (BELGIUM, FRANCE, BRITAIN, GREECE, ITALY,
JAPAN, MONTENEGRO, ROMANIA, RUSSIA, SERBIA , U.S.) COULD
MOBILIZE 356 MILLION MEN OUT OF TOTAL POPULATION 806 MILLION.
2. 6 MILLION KILLED & 18 MILLION WOUNDED.
3. 1916: GREAT WEALTH OF BRITAIN & EMPIRE NOW PROPPING UP
RUSSIAN, ITALIAN, FRENCH WAR ECONOMIES, QUICKLY ERODING
BRITISH GOLD/CAPITAL RESERVES.
4. 1918: BRITAIN HAD TO BORROW $4 BILLION ($1918).
5. FRENCH ECONOMY SHRANK BY 36%, 1913-1918, BECAUSE OF LOSSTO
GERMAN ARMY OF 40% FRENCH HEAVY INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY COAL &
STEEL
6. FRANCE FINANCED WAR DEBT , RAISING $455 MILLION ($1918) ON
LONDON BOND MARKETS.
7. FORCED GERMANY TO SIGN ARMISTICE IN A FRENCH RAILWAY
CARRIAGE, 11 NOVEMBER 1918. GREAT SIGNIFICANCE FOR HITLER,
LATER.
14. THE WAR GUILT CLAUSE IN THE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919
ARTICLE 231
“ THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED GOVERNMENTS
AFFIRM AND GERMANY ACCEPTS THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF GERMANY AND HER ALLIES
FOR CAUSING ALL THE LOSS AND DAMAGE TO
WHICH THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED
GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR NATIONALS HAVE
BEEN SUBJECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE
WAR IMPOSED UPON THEM BY THE
AGGRESSION OF GERMANY AND HER ALLIES.”
15. THE GREAT ECONOMIST J.M. KEYNES
CALLS OUT THE BRUTAL HATREDS
WHICH LED TO ARTICLE 231
“ IF THE EUROPEAN CIVIL WAR (WORLD WAR 1) IS
TO END WITH FRANCE &THEIR OWN
DESTRUCTION ALSO. ITALY ABUSING THEIR
MOMENTARY VICTORIOUS POWER TO DESTROY
GERMANY & AUSTRIA-HUNGARY NOW
PROSTRATE, THEY INVITE THEIR OWN
DESTRUCTION ALSO, BEING SO DEEPLY &
INEXTRICABLY INTERTWINED WITH THEIR
VICTIMS BY HIDDEN PSYCHIC & ECONOMIC
BONDS.” ( J M KEYNES. “ THE ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE”)
17. HITLER’S “BLOOD PURGE” OF 177
SENIOR NAZIS: 29 JUNE 1934.
“ THE PILES OF CORPSES ON JUNE 30, 1934,
MUST HAVE GIVEN HIM (HITLER) THE FINAL
PROOF THAT SINCE 1919 HIS PATH OF
MURDER & VIOLENCE HAD BEEN THE RIGHT
PATH TO GREATNESS…HAVING ENSLAVED HIS
OWN PEOPLE, HITLER WAS READY TO USE
THE TECHNIQUES HE HAD LEARNED - WHICH
I HAVE ANALYSED- TO ENSLAVE THE
CONTINENT.” ( KONRAD HEIDEN. “THE
FUEHRER” )
19. HITLER’S TRAGIC MISTAKE FOR
GERMANY: WAR WITH THE SOVIET
UNION 1941-1945
• “OPERATION BARBAROSSA”: (JUNE –
SEPTEMBER 1941) A BOTTOMLESS PIT OF
DEATH, SUFFERING & SPENT TREASURE:
GERMANS (514,807 CASUALTIES); SOVIETS (3-4
MILLION CASUALTIES) & BUTCHERY OF
CIVILIANS BY GERMAN MILITIA.
• SOVIET “GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR” ( 1942-1945).
2.6 MILLION SOVIETS vs. 1 MILLION GERMANS.
• BY 1944 GERMANY WAS LOSING 19,000 PER DAY
& IN 1945 BERLIN WAS DEFENDED BY CHILDREN
& OLD MEN.
21. STUNDE NULL (ZERO HOUR) EUROPE
5 MAY 1945: THE REMAINS OF
WARSAW, POLAND
22. THE HUMAN COST TO EUROPE OF
WORLD WAR 2
• 36.5 MILLION EUROPEANS HAD DIED, 19 MILLION OF
WHOM WERE CIVILIANS.
• EUROPEANS INFORCED GERMAN FORCED LABOUR
CAMPS:
1.2 MILLION FRENCH
0.7 MILLION ITALIANS
0.4 MILLION CZECHS
0.3 MILLION DUTCH
0.3 MILLION BELGIANS
• 1.3 MILLION GERMAN COLONISERS EXPELLED FROM
SOVIET OCCUPIED EUROPE.
24. JULY 1944: BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM
OF GLOBAL FINANCE (44 NATIONS)
• GERMANY, JAPAN & THEIR ALLIES’ ECONOMIES WERE
SHATTERED.
• SOVIET UNION HAD SPENT MASSIVE BLOOD & TREASURE
& WRECKED ITS ECONOMY
• BRITAIN WAS CLOSE TO BANKRUPTCY , & ITS EMPIRE
SEVERELY STRESSED ECONOMICALLY, & HAD TO BE “CUT
LOOSE”.
• FRANCE WAS ECONOMICALLY & POLITICALLY SHATTERED.
• THE CONFERENCE CREATED 2 FINANCIAL “PILLARS”:
1. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.
2. INTERNATIONAL BANK OF RECONSTRUCTION &
DEVELOPMENT ( IBRD) WHICH BECAME THE
WORLD BANK.
25. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY
PLAN (ERA) ALSO KNOWN AS “THE
MARSHALL PLAN”: JUNE 1947
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVE
U.S. INITIATIVE TO USE ITS ECONOMIC POWER TO RECONSTRUCT
EUROPE IN THE POST-WAR ERA.
• U.S. FUNDS ALLOCATED TO THE PROGRAM: US $28 BILLION
(1947$) IN TODAY’S MONEY $3 TRILLION
• 46% OF THESE FUNDS WENT INTO EUROPE FOR: FOOD,
MACHINERY,RAW MATERIALS, CAPITAL GOODS ( THE TRADING
OFFSET FOR THE US WAS EACH EUROPEAN COUNTRY SET UP
“COUNTERPART FUNDS” FROM SALE OF US IMPORTS TO GO INTO
PUBLIC SPENDING)
• A MAJOR BENEFIT TO EUROPEAN FIRMS WAS THAT NEW
MACHINES & MANAGEMENT IDEAS COULD BE IMPLEMENTED
• EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 1950-1963 MORE THAN
DOUBLED; MOTOR CAR PRODUCTION INCREASED 5-FOLD; &
MANUFACTURED GOODS MORE THAN DOUBLED
27. STALIN TAKES THE SOVIET UNION &
SATELLITES DOWN THE WRONG FORK
IN THE ROAD
• THE ULTIMATE ECONOMIC COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET
UNION WAS SET IN TRAIN WHEN STALIN REJECTED
THE OFFER OF INCLUSION IN THE MARSHALL PLAN.
• HE DETERMINED: SOVIET “SOCIALISM” WOULD
ESTABLISH A COMMAND ECONOMY FOR ITSELF & ITS
SATELLITES, CONTROLLED BY THE STATE PLANNING
COMMISSION ( GOSPLAN ) & ITS 5-YEAR PLANS.
• EXTENDED THIS CONCEPT TO COMECON (COUNCIL
FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ) WITH SATELLITES’
ECONOMIES LOCKED INTO SOVIET PLANNING
TARGETS..
28. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANISATION (NATO)
• APRIL, 1949: BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS, LUXEMBOURG, FRANCE,
BRITAIN, UNITED STATES, CANADA, PORTUGAL, ITALY, NORWAY,
DENMARK & ICELAND.
• PRESIDENT TRUMAN: “FOR U.S. WAR IS NOT INEVITABLE. WE DO
NOT BELIEVE THAT THERE ARE BLIND TIDES OF HISTORY WHICH
SWEEP MEN ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. IN OUR OWN TIME WE
HAVE SEEN BRAVE MEN OVERCOME OBSTACLES THAT SEEMED
INSURMOUNTABLE & FORCES THAT SEEMED OVERWHELMING.
MEN WITH COURAGE & VISION CAN STILL DETERMINE THEIR OWN
DESTINY. THEY CAN CHOOSE SLAVERY OR FREEDOM – WAR OR
PEACE. I HAVE NO DOUBT WHICH THEY WILL CHOOSE. THE TREATY
WE ARE SIGNING TODAY IS EVIDENCE OF THE PATH THEY WILL
FOLLOW. IF THERE’S ANYTHING INEVITABLE IN THE FUTURE, IT IS
THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD FFROM FREEDOM &
PEACE.”
