Presentation from JAXA/NASA Joint Workshop at 2016 ISS Research and Development Conference

1. Kibo Utilization Achievement
JAXA/NASA Joint Workshop: Maximizing
the Outcome of the ISS and “Kibo”
July 11, 2016
Kazuyuki Tasaki
JEM Utilization Center, JAXA

2. New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
1
2008 2010 2012
Establish new platforms
Kibo
Internal
Facility
Platform for supporting research of new drug
design (e.g. high quality protein crystallization)
- Utilize Kibo to its
full-scale capability
- Foster practical use
for social needs
- Develop Kibo’s
potential for
an on-orbit
laboratory
2014
Expansion
Aim
Phase
2016
Kibo
External
Facility
2018 2020 2022 2024
Platform for supporting research on aging-like
phenomena (e.g. rodent research)
Platform for promoting small satellites
deployment
Platform for promoting various use of the
the Kibo Exposed Facility
- Maximize outcome, increase quantity and quality of
Kibo utilization services
- Identify and prioritize prospective utilization areas
as “platforms” and make available for various users
- Implement a new JP-US collaborative framework
 Other platforms will be defined in future
 Fundamental research, technology development,
space medicine etc. are promoted as well
- Life/physical sciences
- Space medicine, human research
- Technology development
- Applied research
- Commercial use
- MAXI (All-sky X-ray monitoring)
- SEDA-AP (space environment data)
- SMILES (global atmosphere obs.)
- CALET (calorimetric electron telescope)
- MCE (Consolidated
missions)
- ExHAM (exposing samples to space)
Searching prospect Kibo utilization

3. New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
Since 2015, JAXA has pursued the following new policy to
maximize outcome from utilization of the ISS/Kibo.
1. Increase both the quantity and quality of Kibo utilization services
(e.g. doubling the opportunities for protein crystal growth
experiments).
2. Identify and prioritize prospective utilization areas as “platforms”
and make them available to various users by:
 Supporting research on new drug design (e.g. high quality protein
crystallization)
 Supporting research on aging-like phenomena (e.g. rodent research)
 Promoting small satellite deployment
 Promoting various uses of the Kibo Exposed Facility, etc.
3. Implement a new collaborative framework between Japan and the
U.S. called the “JP-U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program” (JP-US
OP3).
2

4. 3
Japan-U.S. New cooperation framework
- Japan-U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program (JP-US OP3) -
 On December 22, 2015, the Japanese and U.S.
governments agreed on a new cooperation framework
for the ISS Program.
 Japan decided to extend its participation in the ISS
operations until 2024.
 An outline of JP-US OP3 is as follows:
JAXA and NASA are
pursuing
implementation of
JP-US OP3.
Signing ceremony
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science, and Technology; Minister for
Foreign Affairs; Minister of State for
Space Policy; and Ms. Caroline Kennedy,
U.S. Ambassador to Japan.
1. Development of a new initiative for ISS operations that
enhance Japan-U.S. cooperation
 Promotion of mutual utilization of an experiment facility (including
experimental data) along with collaborative research inside and outside
of the ISS/Kibo
2. Increased cooperation with developing spacefaring
countries in the Asia-Pacific region, possibly through
utilization of ISS resources
3. Promotion of new uses for the ISS:
(a) As a platform for technology demonstration, such as support of a
Japanese technology demonstration to capture a non-functional space
object
(b) Utilization of the operational opportunities of the H-II Transfer Vehicle
(HTV) and HTV-X
4. Promotion of utilization of effective and efficient space-
related technologies

5. Platform for supporting research on new drug design
- High-quality Protein Crystallization in Kibo -
4
High-quality crystallization in space
For less convection & disturbance
⇒ Improved crystal quality
(close to or exceeding) 1Å)
On Earth In space
Structure determination of N-binding glycoprotein sugar
chain (high mannose type)
Glycoside hydrolase
－Maruwa Foods and Biosciences and Osaka University－
4
One of the highest resolution
of N-binding glycoprotein
structure including sugar
chain (high mannose type) in
the world was obtained.
Application to the design of drug candidates of precise
structure
Kinase domain of drug resistant human EGFR （Anti-cancer drug
resistance type EGFR G719S/T790M）
－Riken－
Oncogene. 2013 Jan 3;32(1):27-38.
The structure of kinase domain of EGF receptor of anti-cancer
drug resistance type was solved. The mechanism of the altered
drug sensitivity against Iressa was elucidated for the first time.
Collaboration with Dr. Shigeyuki Yokoyama, Riken

6. 5
 JAXA and PeptiDream Inc. have reached a fee-based agreement
on a comprehensive cooperation for the high-quality protein
crystal growth experiment on Kibo (news release on February 24, 2016).
 PeptiDream is a Japanese world-leading company in the field of drug
discovery. PeptiDream is focusing on its unprecedented drug
discovery platform and the use of cyclic non-standard peptides.
 This comprehensive research collaboration could accelerate
structural studies on medically important proteins along with the
candidate drugs.
 PeptiDream and JAXA both intend to help achieve better human
healthcare by creating innovative drugs for the world from Japan.
A non-standard
cyclic peptide
bound to a target
protein
Platform for supporting research on new drug design
- Cooperation with world-leading drug biopharmaceutical companies-

7. 6
 Space is an accelerated platform for aging
research of animals. Space life science
research can help us understand the
mechanisms of aging-like phenomena and
develop methods of prevention.
 In order to investigate such gravitational
effects on the biology of mammals in
detail, JAXA established a new rodent
research capability on Kibo.
 JAXA anticipates collaboration with NASA
to achieve outcomes to human health on
Earth and future human space activities,
such as:
 Eye tissues obtained by the 1st JAXA rodent
mission are to be shared with NASA under
the JP-US OP3 framework aiming to resolve
issues regarding human space flight (visual
impairment).
Time to observed
AmountofDecrease
3 days300 days 30 days
0
40%
20%
Elderly on
Earth
Bone loss
in space
Short
Large
Model organisms (space experiment
results using rats, mice, and fish)
Muscle atrophy
in space10-30
times
faster
20-fold severe decrease
Accelerated bone loss and muscle atrophy in space
Human
Exploration
Strategic
national life
science reseModel
organism
Fundamenta
l research
~2009 2015 2024
Maximize Kibo utilization outcome
Rapid changes: bone loss, muscle atrophy, etc.
 Biological effects (gravity, radiation)
 Genetic, tissue analysis
 Accumulation of ground data
 Various cutting-edge analyses
Human
Aims of JAXA biological experiments
Platform supporting research on
aging-like phenomena

8. Aquatic Biology Research
7
Fluorescence images of bone (teeth).
Green: a marker of osteoclasts; Red: a marker of osteoblasts
56-days aquatic habitat exp. in Kibo Bone mineral density
decreased 24% in space
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Results of the first aquatic habitat
experiment in 2012, showed 24%
decrease in the Bone Mineral
Density (BMD) in teeth of space-
flown medaka fish compared with
the fish sample on the ground. (Chatani
et al, Scientific Reports, 2014)
 This observation of accelerated and
severe change of bone loss will be
beneficial for research on aging-like
phenomenon on Earth, such as
osteoporosis.
 This was archived by Kibo’s unique
capability of successful long-term (56
days) rearing of vertebrates in space.
 In addition to the bone, histological
and genetic analyses were
conducted for six tissues: brain, eye,
ovary, testis, liver and intestine.
(Murata et al, PLoS One, 2015)
 Reported on 10 newspapers and 2
TV news.
7

9. 8
Research Map in Physical Sciences in Japan
Marangoni Series /
Marangoni Convection
Combustion
Science
Fluid
Physics
Materials
Science
Protein and
Colloidal Crystals
Crystal Growth
Mechanisms
Fundamental
Science
Ice Crystal /
Morphological
Instability
Facet / Mechanisms
of Faceted Cellular
GrowthGroup Combustion /
Fuel Droplets
Combustion
Solid Combustion /
Wire Insulator
Combustion)
FLARE /
Establishment of
New Standard of
Fire in Space
Two Phase Flow /
Boiling Two-Phase
Flow
L3-Flame /
Theory of
Combustion
Limit and
Simulation
Verification
Basic
Research
Development
Research
Applied
Research
First Stage Researches
Status: Planning On-going (incl. in Preparation) Mission Completed or Concluding Results
Department / Division: JUC ISAS JUC+ISAS
Mainly conducted
by ISAS
Research Field
being
Suitable for ELF
Alloy Semiconductor / Compound
Semiconductor and Orientation Dependence
JUC: JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate
ISAS:Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
Innovation of Combustion
Technologies for Higher Efficiency
and Lower Environmental
Loading
Novel
Functional
Materials
ELF・Interfacial Energy /
Thermophysical
Properties and
Metastable State
Ice Crystal2 /
Mechanisms of
Faceted Dendrites
Nano Step / Impurity Effect on
Crystal Quality
Kikuchi-Kossel / Inter-Particle Interaction in
Colloidal Crystals
Soret-Facet /
Mechanisms of
Soret Effect
3DPC / Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
2D Nanotemplate /
Self-Organized Nano-
Pattern Formation
Nanoskeleton /
Self-Assembled Titania
Micelle
Hicari / SiGe Compound Semiconductor and
Theory Verification for Uniform Composition
Collaborative Researches with Private
Companies and Paid Use of ‘Kibo’/
High Quality Protein CrystalsIndustrial Use
Revolutionary
Specific
Medicine
ATOMIZATION / Simulation Verification
of Atomization

10. Example of Obtained Results
1. Objectives
-Silicon Germanium alloys hopeful as substrates. However, high
quality bulk SiGe crystals is difficult to grow.
-Space experiments will be useful to discuss the conditions to
growth homogeneous SiGe crystals.
2. Results
- Four SiGe crystals were processed in Gradient Heating Furnace
(GHF), and Succeeded in growing SiGe (L= 10 mm to 17mm )
crystals.
-The strong convections would bend the crystal growth interface
shape also induce the concentration variations and depress the
polycrystallization.
Outer view of Run1 SiGe crystals
grown in ISS
SiGe wafer !
S-Si S-Ge
Oxide OxideChannel
Ge concentration distributions of
Run1 to Run 4 SiGe crystals grown
in ISS (CGe~0.48±0.02)
9
3. Research Status
-50 mm dia. homogeneous SiGe crystals were produced by JAXA
(on ground experiments).
-JAXA and AIST evaluated mobility of a high quality SiGe single
crystals and try to produce SiGe electronic device.
SiGe single crystal
Hicari (Silicon Germanium Crystal Growth)

11.  Launched by H-IIB/HTV5 in 2015
 CALET is astrophysics mission that searches for
signatures of dark matter and provides the highest
energy direct measurements of the cosmic ray electron
spectrum in order to observe discrete sources of high
energy particle acceleration in our local region of the
Galaxy.
 JAXA and Waseda University started global-leading
direct electron observations in the extremely high-
energy region of Tera electron volt (TeV, one trillion
electron volts) CALET in October, 2015.
10
Scientific Research of Exposed Facility
CALET
(CALorimetric Electron Telescope)
MAXI
(Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image)
 Launched by STS-127 in 2009
 The MAXI investigation is designed to continuously
monitor, through a systematic survey, X-ray sources and
variabilities as the International Space Station (ISS)
orbits Earth. MAXI is comprised of a couple highly
sensitive X-ray detectors, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and
the Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC). Besides the goal of
performing a complete sky survey, this research helps to
address fundamental astrophysics questions and allows
researchers to better understand the current state and
evolution of our Universe.
Onset of relativistic jet from a black hole
consuming a star.
X-rays afterglow of huge gamma-ray bursts[Image credit:NASA/Swift]
※
[Image credit of ※:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team]
※
MAXI all-sky map [Image credit:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team]

12. JEMRMS
J-SSOD ©JAXA/NASA
Deployed Satellite
©JAXA/NASA
JAXA provides opportunities for launching small satellites with the purposes：
 To contribute for easy and fast launch and operation of small satellites by private
enterprises and universities, expanding the application of the space development
and capacity building.
 To promote a new industry with space development by using the small satellites.
 To improve the developing countries space technology.
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Platform for promoting small satellite deployment (J-SSOD)

13. 12
 JAXA encourages international applicants to collaborate with Japanese universities
orprivate enterprises.
 More than 100 satellites have been deployed from Kibo and JAXA is promoting
more deployment opportunities.
 JAXA plans to increase the simultaneous deployment capacity of the CubeSat-
class satellites from the current 6U to 12U, and then to 18U.
 JAXA, Tohoku University, Hokkaido University, the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) of the Republic of the Philippines, and the University of the
Philippines Diliman, successfully deployed “DIWATA-1,” the first Philippines
microsatellite.
 United Nations and JAXA launched joint initiative “KiboCUBE” which will offer
small satellite deployment opportunities from Kibo in order to facilitate
improved space technologies in developing countries.
Platform for promoting small satellite deployment (J-SSOD)
DIWATA-1 deployment from the Kibo robot arm

14. 13
 In order to maximize utilization outcomes of ISS/Kibo,
JAXA identified and prioritized prospective utilization
areas as “platforms”.
 JAXA’s utilization facility is available for NASA/US users
under an appropriate agreement between NASA and JAXA.
 JAXA is looking forward to further collaboration in
utilization as a part of the new JP-US collaboration
framework (OP3).
 If you are interested in this activity, please contact Ms.
Marybeth Edeen, ISS Research Integration Office Manager,
NASA, at jsc-iss-research-helpline@mail.nasa.gov
Summary
- Towards further collaboration -

15. 14
Thank you for your attention.
See you at JAXA booth (No.14)!