Dr. Hitesh R Ashani VVP Engineering College Rajkot

1. Stone masonry
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

2. Stone masonry
• Construction of stone units
bonded together with mortar
is known as stone masonry.
• stones are available in a large
quantity in nature.
• on cutting and dressing to the
proper shape, they provide an
economical material for the
construction .
• Used for various building
components such as walls,
columns, footings, arches,
lintels, beams
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

3. How stone masonry is bonded ?
• by the use of mortar:
• Homogeneous plastic mixture , obtained by the process of
uniform mixing of cement , sand , lime & water , make a past
of required uniformity / thickness used to bind masonry unit.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

4. Uses
1. Building foundations, walls, piers, pillars, and
architectural works.
2. Lintels, Beams, beams Arches, domes etc.,
3. Roofs and Roof coverings.
4. Cladding Works
5. Dams, light houses, monumental structures.
6. Paving jobs
7. Railway, as counterweight.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

5. Selection of stone for stone masonry
1) Easy Availability of stone in area
2) No difficulty of working with stone
3) when good Appearance / look is required
4) Strength and stability is required
5) Polishing characteristics
6) Economy in construction is required
7) Durability in construction is required
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

6. General Principles
• The stones to be used for stone masonry should be hard,
tough and durable.
• The pressure acting on stones should be vertical.
• The stones should be perfectly dressed as per the
requirements.
• In order to obtain uniform distribution of load, under the
ends of girders, roof trusses etc large flat stones should be
used
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

7. General Principles
• The mortar to be used should be good quality and in the specified
faces.
• The construction work of stone masonry should be raised
uniformly.
• The plumb bob should be used to check the verticality of erected
wall.
• The stone masonry section should always be designed to take
compression and not the tensile stresses.
• The masonry work should be properly cured after the completion
of work, for a period of 2 to 3 weeks
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

8. General Principles
• As far as possible broken stones or small stones chips
should not be used.
• Double scaffolding should be used for working at
higher level.
• The masonry hearting should be properly packed with
mortar and chips if necessary to avoid hallows.
• The properly wetted stones should be used to avoid
mortar moisture being sucked.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

9. Stone masonry
Rubber masonry
1.uncoursed / random
rubble masonry
2.coursed rubble
masonry
3.dry rubble masonry
Ashlar masonry
1.Ashlar fine
2.Ashlar rough tooled
3.Ashler rock , rustic or
quarry faced
4.Ashlar chamfered
5.Ashlar facing
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

11. Header and stretcher
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

12. uncoursed / random rubble masonry
• The random rubble masonry
in which stones are laid
without forming courses /
layer / pattern is known as
un coursed random rubble
masonry.
• This is the roughest and
cheapest type of masonry
• The stones used in this
masonry are of different
sizes and shapes.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

13. uncoursed / random rubble masonry
• before lying, all projecting
corners of stones are slightly
hammered off.
• Vertical joints are not
plumbed, joints are filled
and flushed.
• Large stones are used at
corners and at jambs
(opening face of door &
window) to increase their
strength.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

14. Coursed rubble
masonry
• The random rubble masonry in which
stones are laid in layers of equal height
is called coursed rubble masonry.
• In this masonry, the stones are laid in
somewhat level courses.
• Headers of one coursed height are
placed at certain intervals.
• The stones are hammer dressed.
• Suitability: Used for construction of
residential buildings, godowns,
boundary walls etc.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

15. • Dry rubble masonry:
• The rubble masonry in which stones
are laid without using any mortar is
called dry rubble masonry.
• It is an ordinary stone masonry and is
recommended for constructing walls
of height not more than 6m.
• Economical as mortar is not used
• Weakest in durability and strength
• In case the height is more, a courses is
laid with mortar at 3 m interval.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

16. • Dry rubble masonry:
• This type of masonry is used in
the construction of
– retaining walls
– pitching earthen dams and
– canal slopes in the form of random
rubble masonry without any
mortar.
• The hallow spaces left around
and stones should be tightly
packed with smaller stone
pieces as shown below.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

17. • Ashlar fine masonry:
• In this type of stone masonry stone blocks of
same height in each course are used.
• The bed, joints and faces of the stones are
chisel-dressed to remove all unevenness and
obtain perfectly horizontal and vertical joints
• Thickness of mortar is uniform through out
and hardly exposed which gives a very close
and packed finish.
• It is an expensive type of stone masonry as it
requires heavy labour and wastage of
material during dressing work.
• Satisfactory bond can be obtained in this type
of stone masonry.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

18. • Rough tooled/ dressed ashlar
masonry:
• In this type of ashlar masonry,
the beds and sides are finely
chisel dressed but the
exposed face is dressed by
rough tooling.
• This dressing gives the
masonry a rough exposed
finish to the masonry.
• Thickness of joints is uniform,
which does not exceed 6mm.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

19. • Rock or quarry faced ashlar
masonry:
• This type of Ashlar masonry is
similar to rough tooled type except
that there is chisel-drafted margin
left rough on the face which is
known as quarry faced.
• Chamfered ashlar masonry:
• It is a special type of ashlar rock
faced in which the strip provided
around the perimeter of the
exposed face is chamfered at an
angle of 45 degree to a depth of 25
mm.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College

20. • Ashlar facing:
• Ashlar facing is the best type of
ashlar masonry.
• this is type of masonry is very
expensive.
• it is not commonly used
throughout the whole
thickness of the wall, except in
works of great importance and
strength.
• For economy the facing are built
in ashlars and the rest in rubble.
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Dr. Hitesh R. Ashani, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.
Engineering College