Construction materials

1. CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
Course Code:
U18CE306
B.Tech III SEM
Civil Engineering

2. Stone Masonry
• Stone is a natural construction material. It is
obtained from rocks by quarrying.
• Rock is a solid mass consisting of a mixture of
common materials. Rocks make up the
majority of the Earth's crust.
• A building stone is a piece of rock queried and
worked into a specific size and shape for a
particular purpose.
• The properties of stones depends upon the
mother rock from which they are extracted.
Stones, quieted fresh from the rocks are
irregular in shape and size and are soft. They
are cut into desired shape and size and
seasoned before put to use in construction.
Stones are long lasting and naturally available
in large quantities

3. Masonry
Masonry is defined as the
construction of building units
bonded together with mortar.
The building units (commonly
known as masonry units) may be
stones, bricks or precast blocks
of concrete.
A composite masonry is a
construction is more than one
type of building units.

4. Types of Masonry
• Stone masonry
• Brick masonry
• Hollow concrete blocks masonry
• Reinforced brick messenger
• Composite masonry

9. Masonry-Terminology
1. Course
2. Header
3. Stretcher
4. header course
5. stretcher course
6. Bed
7. natural bed
8. Bond
9. Quoins
10. Face
11. Back

10. Masonry-Terminology
12. Facing
13. Hearting
14. Side
15. Joint
16. Closer
17. Queen closer
18. King closer
19. Bevelled closer
20. Mitred closer
21. Bat
22. Perpend

11. Masonry-Terminology
23. Frog
24. Through stone
25. Sill
26. Lintel
27. Plinth
28. Plinth course
29. String course
30. Jambs
31. Reveals
32. Corbel
33. Cornice

12. Masonry-
Terminology
34. Coping
35. Weathering
36. Throating
37. Parapet
38. Arch
39. Gable
40. Freeze
41. Blocking course
42. Toothing
43. Lacing course
44. Spalls

13. Masonry-Terminology
45. Stooling
46. Template or bed block
47. Column
48. Pier or Pilaster
49. Buttress
50. Offsets
51. Thresh holds

20. Quoin Stone

29. General Principle
• Stones should be hard, durable
and tough
• Perfectly dressed
• Bond stone should not be of
dumb bell shape
• Ends of girders, roof trusses etc,
large flat stones should be used
• Stone masonry section should
always be designed to take
compression and not the tensile
stresses.

30. General Principle
• Broken stones or small stones chips should not be used.
• Masonry hearting should be properly packed with mortar and chips
• The properly wetted stones should be used to avoid mortar moisture being
sucked (2 to 3 weeks).

31. Laying The Stone
• Bottom of the foundation is large
• No dressing or hammering which will loosen the stone will be
permitted after it is placed.
• Clean each stone and saturate it with water before setting it.
• Bed the stones in freshly made mortar with full joints.
• Joints and beds have an average thickness of not more than 1
inch.
• Vertical joints in each course break with the adjoining courses at
least 6 inch.
• Whenever possible, properly point the face joints before the mortar
sets.
• Note: do not lay the masonry in freezing weather or when the
stone contains frost, except with permission subjected to the
required conditions.

32. Other Tests on Building Stones
8/15/2020 3C2 CM U18CE306 32
• IS 1121 : Part 2 : 2013 Determination of Strength Properties
of Natural Building Stones - Methods of Test Part 2
Transverse Strength.
• IS 1121 : Part 3: 2013 Determination Of Strength Properties
Of Natural Building Stones , Methods Of Test--Part 3 Tensile
Strength.
• IS 1121 : Part 4: 2013 Determination of Strength Properties
of Natural Building Stones - Methods of Test Part 4 Shear
Strength.
• IS 1124 : 1974 Method of test for determination of water
absorption, apparent specific gravity and porosity of natural
building stones.
• IS 1706 : 1972 Method for determination of resistance to
wear by abrasion of natural building stones