Bitumen masonry

1. Brick Masonry
• Technical terms –Dimension 190X90X90
• Stretcher- Long lateral face of brick shows L
• Header- Smaller lateral face showing width
• Arries – Edges
• Bed joint- Horiz layer of mortar
• Perpends- vertical joint separating bricks
• Lap- Horiz dist bet vertical joint in successive
courses.

2. • Closer- A piece of brick used to close the bond
at the end of brick courses.
• Queen closer- Brick cut along length in two
equal halves. Used to develop face lap.
• King closer- Half length and breadth cut with
corner. Used for door window openings.
• Bat- A piece of brick obtained by cutting
length. ½ and ¾ bats are common.

3. Stretcher Course

4. Stretcher Bond

5. Header Bond

6. English Bond
• Salient features
• Stretcher and Header courses are placed
alternately in the masonry wall.
• Queen closer is placed to quoin header in order
to develop face lap of L/4.
• Each header is centrally supported over Stretcher
below it.
• If thickness of wall is even multiple of half brick
then courses showing stretchers/headers in front
elevation show similar view in rear elevation.

7. • If thickness of wall is odd multiple of half brick
then courses showing stretchers show headers
in rear elevation and vice versa.
• If thickness of wall is more than 2 brick then
interior filling is done by headers only.

8. English Bond

11. Flemish Bond
• In every course Stretchers and Headers are
placed alternately.
• Queen closer is placed next to quoin header to
develop the face lap.
• Every header is centrally supported over a
stretcher below it.

12. Double Flemish Bond
• H and S are placed alternately in front and
back elevation.
• Half and ¾ bats are used in walls having
thickness equal to odd multiple of half bricks.
• No brickbats are used in walls having even
multiple of half brick.
• Facing and backing of wall in each course have
the same appearance.

13. Single Flemish Bond
• Elevation in front is of Flemish bond and it
shows English bond in rear elevation.
• Appearance of Flemish bond and strength of
English bond are combined.
• Min thickness of wall shall be 1.5 brick.

14. Flemish Bond

15. Flemish Bond

16. Stone Masonry
• Stone Masonry
•  The construction of stones bonded together
with mortar is termed as stone masonry where
the stones are available in a abundance in
nature.
• construction of various building components
such as walls, columns, footings, arches, lintels,
beams etc.

17. • the stone masonry can be
• classified broadly in the following two
categories
• 1. Rubble masonry
• 2. Ashlar masonry

18. • 1) Rubble masonry:
• In this category, the stones used are either
undressed or roughly dressed having wider
joints.
• (i) Uncoursed rubble masonry: This is the
• cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone
• masonry. Uncoursed rubble
• masonry can be divided into the following.
• a) Uncoursed random rubble
• b) Uncoursed squared rubble

19. Uncoursed Rubble Masonry

20. Coursed Rubble Masonry
In this type of stone
• masonry the uniform height stones are used in
• horizontal layers not less than 13cm in height.
• Generally, the stone beds are hammered or
chisel dressed to a depth of at least 10cm from
the face.

21. Coursed Rubble Masonry

22. Polygonal rubble masonry
• Polygonal rubble masonry: In this type of
• masonry the stones are roughly dressed to an
• irregular polygonal shape. The stones should be
• so arranged as to avoid long vertical joints in
face
• work and to break joints as much as possible.
• Small stone chips should not be used to support
• the stones on the facing as shown in the figure

24. Ashlar Masonry
• Ashlar Masonry
•  This type of masonry is built from accurately
• dressed stones with uniform and fine joints of
• about 3mm thickness by arranging the stone
• blocks in various patterns.
•  The backing of Ashlar masonry walls may be
built of Ashlar masonry or rubble masonry. The
size of stones blocks should be in proportion to
wall thickness.

25. • The various types of masonry can be classified
• under the following categories are
• 1) Ashlar fine
• 2) Ashlar rough
• 3) Ashlar rock or quarry faced
• 4) Ashlar facing
• 5) Ashlar chamfered
• 6) Ashlar block in course

26. • Ashlar Fine • Ashlar Rough

27. • Ashlar Rock face

28. Supervision-Stone Masonry

29. Comparision of BW and SW