This document discusses different types of shock and their mechanisms. It begins by defining hypovolemic shock as decreased cardiac output due to decreased blood volume in the circulatory system. It then lists various causes of hypovolemic shock including hemorrhage, burns, infections, and surgery. The document goes on to describe the stages of shock and rapid and long term compensatory mechanisms the body employs in response to shock. It concludes by outlining mechanisms specific to different types of shock such as traumatic, septic, and burn shock.

1. 123
Shock
LisCundrom n uoich heresinadespucde
Hissueeekistaa aSsociaded doi4na reladise Daolude
dRcheo i0 cardiacOutpu
Tupe
A Hupaialemie Chack
nadeoute cardiat Oudput fs duetocleckealed
Jolume Og Fluid in the iaclab SyStem
Tis Loceuks due da
yAcude hemakhhaa (hematkhagi ShockK)
2 injuy (Traumoatis Shoue) 2
3 Blood loss duing Jurgery ( Sgraical Shodk
BuEn (bunShOe
S Mekobolic diseale liice adrenal inSulieiedly
eliabetic Koto.acidasiset
6 Severe cliak-hea o VomHtag
Dish budhiye 5hack
Bloo.cl Moluma is nahmal hutB P decke.ag dueta
Siddeo ackea in the capacity oP the lalcula
Campordmenr due Ao acute marked VaSodilation
Fallauang upe
Neurptnic Snadk (aS Seen io fafnhing
his mau be
Anaphulactic SnagieCdueo acudk uskemic allekg ok
ancushkaxis
3 Sephic Shock Foibocafnq Septlemind
Endlodale Shock Cdue do Intectinn b gram -Ve
Dactoria

2. 123
ATE
CcatdiogedicShock
Cardias Oudpukdleckealuscue todeckealedahilit
Actte muo.caclialinEakction.
9Heart ailuhe
32 Croliac arkhytbAiaS
ObstructhueShock
Cadic autput sdecreajea beacaus.eaf ohithust
anto dhe eiecion Af bloa ram the UENAaisie
sSeea in
Cardiac teapanaale
9 CanShsictiuepattcotolitis
3 Cardiac tumar
Teosiao pneum.otnaha
HNPOlUOLEMIC SHOCK
s Commaneg oR ad Shoce
Comman omsaf ypalualemic Shacic arR hemot ho
raumadtic SUrgicauand burn Shack
10marhagic 8hocl
Acuke hemarrhcae oF make haa1Smal|k oscly
teighihegult inSh0ck
Peachlre
Hypadensian 5 T chy entoa
2Toohyeardia
a Papid hbeca pulse
CAld aad pale Skin cold Shacie USuoJly patient is
HRegtlessne

3. Stages Shocs
UhocA ahaj oStag ReerSibieSt.e nd
teyeEsihitStage
Reviersiblestae
Actiuodion oE Campensador me.chanisoS Padien
cenditlonImpraue)
The ComptnSaddry reactisnOre düuidea nha
te ndLangARLMmechaniSm
Sho
Rapicl Compensaio Mechanism
Rooic ompeASodoky mecoanism ore primurily
neutol andNaycula hrogh the hokmonal mechariSn
alSoplo role
Rapic oMpensatar mecnanism are mastiy duet
theSimulation of SympotheAic Sustem
SumpathetYc actiuation occurs mainlydut t he
Hecrealed Stmuadio af loaroreceptok& and hypoxia
8utlnSeuere Shoci Chemokepiex and Cuskingts
kelexes are olSo adiucded
NeurohDKmona mechaniSmss
achu cadia nechealed blodd pressure oechkaSeS
Simulation af horokecephars Cobich beSuli n Sumpathatic
AAlaton that nckeaSes the heart rode.
2Nasaedcechak lasaconStmi.cion ws alSo occurS due
deckeased Shmulathon oF gdmreceptokShad
aclatec Sympadhehic Sustem

4. 13D
Voss conbtricBion occurs 10 almost all.parts.ofdho
bady xcept.athecetebtal and theCoronaby artei
Cuianeot AaSocon.SArictiog SKtnbecome pale hete
Eors.acute heraakrhagfc shociIScalled Cald Shock
ReoalNaso.c.agsthiction cleckeaßerenal blocd Fla
and s£R Cud eePerent artekiale ateconstricted
mare thanthe afferent artRioletUEtne Fokmation fs
atasslyreduced
nitkagenouCaae products ake etauned Yn
he bady in peolangaded Shock thad kesutsnUhemio
CazoBemia)
Blenaus ehjh0 acheases due do enosanStricdionLdhith
Ao Sympadhti Stimulation
4 nchealec Thstocie pumping Hypexvenhilation Increases
he thoracic pwmp and Contkibutedo increa.Sed Venauug
Occurs due
kekurn
Sinc-eaed 6Keletal MusclePumpingAciue molemendr
OP bodu pak Pacreales he Skeletad mYsde achuity
hatin Hun nckealeSleletal muscie pumpin
LAbich Conthibutel do nckealed jenou eOkn
6Capilbh PuSd Shj ShiP A blood Pkom inkekShtial
Pluidcomparkment into capilakieg
-o hemarhhaofcShackdueto acuute blood lass
e hudrosdotic prelure nsiode the Nessal deckease ki
beuer ses he net Filaraahon pre ue2ccentaOc
Plhuid Pmmthe Ratershittal sSue Space eterS fnto
he Coupillarie
aSo als candhihute ta ockeoley n blbod
Nalumetha Tackealel enous reubM

5. oFCheYnare.ceptolk Relex SVRre bl0od
Actillation
scausing nypoxia Stimulate cnemoreceptors
Fesultfngm Ua.So.o0sthiction aAd Stimulate
eRpiatry center Anat causes hyp?rUtntilahon.
Actiuationan aeushingsRAEL2YACerebta hypoxia
Actiuation
iecHy Stimuato UsomoBeir centex causing
asocanharic hion and ttios Holmatndcfa blaacd
wrelSuRand AODAa Ahe uital organS OeAhe bload
ncceated Sechetion oE Coterhalamine Hemorkhans
Stimulake Secke.tion Of Catechalamiget Promadktnal
medulla lhis dccuhSdue to Sumpadhekic Simulation2
Thtteled Cotechalaminel Shimulate heatt (maiataln
Cae
ardliac udput ond also Cause latocondriction (malctafn
hiood pressuke),
Cadecholomine Olo Shimulate Ahe hehiculak ati
Vodfng SuSAemaot ahich patient is oetem conScioul
and helegs
1onckecles Secketion of Jasaphecsin heckeaSed blood
lolume Stimularel Secheadion ae AnH Promthepastehi
putay
ADH nckeade nader teab.soeption Phom dh kidne
hod eltorelblocl Jolumel
a highne coocenthation It also causes loSocansini
Choodhak reokel blocc presSure
nc
healed Secketion aP Cohtisal (olutacoarkiCoid Sechtati
on faceealgs due do inckealed ACTH Secketion
alucacoihicoldplaus a chucial rale by ncealfng
ihe relpsn SiuenesS 6e 4h blood lessels tu cadecholamn
thkoug S permissiye and NaSokeactiuity OPPcts
Acdiuadèon o Renta-Anaiotensin Syshem Hypalalemiq

6. 13
d SnpadhetHcStimuladiooncheaedhe Secketion
Ae eria From3 ceis ORdhe kidneuS
Rennin conueetsanatctenSim.agen o angiotengin.
itnkick s Butthetconuerhec. to.angtaten.sia-1 by the
acion At angialen.sia canuerfag e2m
n.
Angietensio-JreoAoresthe blcoc Volome and biocl
prescurbu the Pallotaing achions
Peripheraloactions
lt isa potent NasoconstnicdorHence lt Inckealel blocd
preur
acreas.eg oldostehone sechetion from adkenad
Corto AldosHerone ncrealecoade heobsorotion Pho
Kidneu
dikect increale Sadiim and cocdeh heablah
prinor Phom idney b acinq on phoxumal Conlialtec
ubule
Inckeage he hejeala of NAkepinephbine om
Sumpathetfe nerle enclinas
Ceatal acioos.
-l SRmudaedipsogenests ncreages dhinkina b
Shmulaing it CentetS
Simulatel NasGmotors cender and inckecJe
boocprellure
l nckenje ADH Secretion
alsoincrecle ACTHSechetion
a mchesNedAldoslerone SeChetion Adasheane Secheh
rom adheno cehto Înckeale de tadi gctono

7. 133
atotensto- ASTHadbypoualenaAdosierone
otensi 1
evealestodead Sodiumreabsaepico Ersim the
SnchealeS
sliecaingduct ond cista conNoluheol.4ulbude cG
Hhe kiclney
. Long AehmCompeasattr Mechanis.mS..
i Inchesecl SynthRsis o£ Ehyikopoiefo (toimia4ahaurs)
ncececkies cellroduckion touchked CICCOUn
heuen *narmalcoiain 96 oeek
ncreruledi Plalaa protnSynthesiis luotthin 2-4 claus
ocrecgec nemoatobin:SunthesiS Oncl dherefore, he
isR8CPracdutionnckalEd plazma pholeinadishejidte
me anconfc prelsuhe O dth plolmai
hekle rsiale Shoge n
Corn pensadok mechainisms alt A6 împkotle hdcdy
Ancdions
Cahdiadoulp and ihlocd phessure:décHeale.deSpite
the normal lood olume Ihisisalfo called refhacdoryN
Shock or icreVeksilble Shock
USually podieats die rrelpe.ciue dr udicioul
reodment 6 nchealethe circuladtly Shodus
RAractor Shoce Mechanisms
Iidally precapillaky Sphunrtek ConSaicis ccuie
jpogic AISSuel lamaae, Eec Oxugaen kadlicals (Leleated
TU
Eorn damaged issue and andocyle Facilitate Puthek
Negsel darmane
2Ladp n aduanced ekaday Shack the precapia
SphinchekS dilade butihe lenule conStich tohich

8. AE 13
nchease transbda.fanoE Elutd ato 4ne intekst
Spaselackeagingdhehlaoc olume Furthe
hypoxlc dema to +rackallouog erdry
GPbattetia ato Cirsulation eguuHing 1n mdezemia
andSepticemia Releale OR endotonins Prom actekica
aoclHoxic madexicds Prem Septic AisSuRnhibit
CareitNalula CRter
ceelbnu ypaxia depkeseg medultahy Carcio
elpiradony certet Cajomotol centet) Cokich Putther
ceckealed bloo prel ure aAd hea t unction
S bue o hpaen andtachycokel iaCOkoncahy
aldod FoD lecrealelts Airsthe decreale
Ocardial Binction
Damoged blbad exexg and _damaecd issue
eleae UabiouN Coaguuant h agerdissemirAaneal
Adhalalcula coaguladion Tis esut io micksemboli
Pumanahy mickoembalis.m Einal1 eoal o
cte repikadony distre Synalkone (Shock lung)
Othan Hypakalemic Shncl
radmadic Shac Occuksolue do Seuere
eSpeoiall (aneia muSCuUe and bmndo are eyhensINely
daonaeok
MeahanNSm o dhalimadic Shocis
DleeckfeRnto
Rntoa
tajured muscle inkehinadoieedtinal
iS tem.ofa catge oe Shou
2 RhobdnmualaSis(orealk olot0 A t Skeleto mue
due ta musdle cuShing anotheh CCue oR Shocls

9. wt 3
Mualohineleoed Pro damaqeal yscle blacie
enal ibuleland. Csgacute enal Pauloke
TndheRepRr£uIe abeal fncrealed occumkcutior
3 nthe
aP Calcium aJSo SSue ca.mae
uraical Shack
eeninsurgico ocedur
Coith împrape nemostnsfs Or inproltngaded
Suraenie
Aurn Shouc
Tn aunn plagma ilOS from horned Surate
aS Udode.
T exuclades hoh în pladma proteio Pluid ond
doe n Condaia kesl cells, THs kesuH in
he maconceathaion
hereore hemdockit fs hiah in burn shock
-nfection. leaaling to Septic enock Coaplicate
Hhe hyooliakmicShoc în burng
Hemalytic anemia adso Compli.codtie the conditie
byrn