nuclaer rection

1. WEL
COME

2. Mr. Gyan Rao
Dhote

3.  RITU KUSHWAH

4. NUCLEAR
REACTION

5.  Nuclear reaction is that process in
which on bombarding the projectile
particle on a nuclear target, a
change is produced in composition
(i.e. nucleons) of the nucleus. In this
process there is change in energy of
nucleus also due to which some
energy is absorbed or emitted in the
nuclear reaction

6. Nuclear Equations
 The two subatomic particles that occur in the nucleus, the proton
and the neutron, are called nucleons.
 The number of protons is the atomic number which
determines the identity of the element.
 The number of protons and neutrons determines the
atomic mass of the element.
 Different isotopes of an element have the same
atomic number (same number of protons) but
different atomic masses (different number of
neutrons)

7.  The three isotopes of hydrogen have the same
number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons. Hydrogen-1 is the most common isotope.
Hydrogen-2, with an additional neutron, is named
deuterium, and hydrogen-3 is called tritium.
Neutrons and protons are called nucleons because
they are in the nucleus.

8.  Just like any other chemical reaction, we use
symbols to show a nuclear reaction
 As an example, when uranium 238 emits
an alpha particle, it loses 2 protons and 2
neutrons.
 Nuclear reactions must balance just like any
other chemical reaction, but we must also be
aware of balancing protons and neutrons
HeThU 4
2
234
90
238
92 

9.  The Nature of the Nucleus.
 Protons and neutrons are held together
by a nuclear force when they are very
close together.
 The shell model of the nucleus
visualizes the protons and neutrons
moving on energy levels or shells,
much like the electrons move in shells.

10.  When separate protons
and neutrons come
together in a nucleus,
energy is released.
 The more energy that is
released, the lower the
energy of the final
nucleus.
 The energy of the nucleus
depends on the mass and
atomic number.

11.  A nuclear reaction is any process that changes
the nucleus of an atom.
 Radioactive decay is one form of nuclear
reaction.

12.  Nuclear reactions obey conservation laws.
 Energy stored as mass must be included in
order to apply the law of conservation of
energy to a nuclear reaction.
 Nuclear reactions must conserve electric
charge.
 The total baryon number before and after the
reaction must be the same.
 The total lepton number must stay the same
before and after the reaction.

14.  The nuclear reaction above is proposed for
combining two atoms of silver to make an atom
of gold.
 This reaction cannot actually happen because it
breaks the rules for nuclear reactions.
 List two rules that are broken by the reaction.