Basic: Meaning, Definition, Importance etc.

1. Prepared By:
GUNJAN SHARMA
Assistant Professor
Pragati College, Raipur

2. INTRODUCTION
The history of science is the study of
the development of science, including
both the natural and social sciences (the
history of the arts and humanities is
termed history of scholarship). Science
is a body of empirical, theoretical,
and practical knowledge about
the natural world, produced by scientists
who emphasize the
observation, explanation, and prediction
of real-
world phenomena. Historiography of
science, in contrast, studies the methods
employed by historians of science.

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Meaning Of Science :
The word Science comes from Latin word
"scientia“ {Noun} meaning "knowledge" and siere
{Verb} meaning “To Know” in the broadest sense
it is any systematic knowledge-base or
prescriptive practice capable of resulting in
prediction. Science can also be understood as a
highly skilled technique or practice.

5. Definition Of Science
• A branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically
arranged and showing the operation of general laws: for example, mathematical
science
•Science is defined as the observation, identification, description, experimental
investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
• Systemic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation
and experimentation.
•Science is the systematic knowledge gained by man by natural observation and
subsequent experimentation.
•According to Dr. D.S.Kothari : “To learn Science is to do science there is no other way
of learning science.”

6. Awareness
Curiosity
Inquiry
InvestigationInnovation
Research
Positive
Attitude
Developed
Skill
Science

7. Science as a Product:
facts
faiths
laws
principles
ideas
recognition
Science as a Process:
method
manner
behaviour
mortality

8. Why study of science is important?
Nature of subject
Language of the subject
Relation with the living beings
History of the subject
Life
Research
Growth and Development
Understanding yourself
Evolution
Development of the subject
Cause and Effect
Teaching of science
Wholeness
Organization
Classification
Human health
Food
Space
Teaching method
Changes

9. The study and knowledge about the physical world and natural laws:
Modern Science is typically divided into three major branches that
consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology (life), chemistry,
and physics (non-living), which study nature in the broadest sense;
the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology),
which study individuals and societies; and the formal
sciences(e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer
science), which study abstract concepts. There is
disagreement, however, on whether the formal sciences actually
constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence.
Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described
as applied sciences.

10. BRANCHES OF SCIENCE:

13. Importance of science
Utilitarian value
Intellectual value
Cultural value
Moral value
Aesthetic value
Psychological value
Disciplinary value
Adaptation
Co-ordination
Conservation
Mental development
Physical development
Vocational development
Emotional development
Social development
Contribution in adjustment
Uses of leisure time

14. Nature Of Science
Science is an attempt to explain natural phenomena.
People from all cultures contribute to science.
Scientific knowledge, while durable, has a tentative character.
Scientific knowledge relies heavily, but not entirely, on observation,
experimental evidence, rational arguments and scepticism.
There is no one way to do science – therefore, there is no universal step-by-step
scientific method.
New knowledge must be reported clearly and openly.
Scientists require accurate record-keeping, peer review and reproducibility.
Observations are theory laden.
Scientists are creative.
Over the centuries, science builds in both an evolutionary and a revolutionary way.
Science is part of social and cultural traditions.
Science and technology impact each other.
Scientific ideas are affected by the social and historical setting.
Laws and theories serve different roles in science – therefore, students should note that
theories do not become laws even with additional evidence.

15. PROFESSION IN THE AREAS OF SCIENCE
Teaching
Research
Medical
Health
Environmental
Management
Space
Pharmacologist
Physiotherapist
Service
Agriculture
Scientist
Geologist
Chemist
Laboratory technician
Mathematician
Microbiology
Consultant
Engineer

16. 1. Writing instructional objectives
2. Introducing a lesson
3. Fluencing in questioning
4. Probing question
5. Explaining
6. Illustrating with example
7. Stimulus variation
8. Reinforcement of learning
9. Nonverbal clues
10.Increasing student participation
11.Using blackboard
12.Achieving closure
13.Recognizing attending behavior
14. ICT skill
15.Classroom management
16.Evaluation
TEACHING SKILLS:

17. EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF SCIENCE TEACHING
Validity
Utility Establishment
LogicalAuthentic
Stability

18. IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON MODERN COMMUNITIES

19. Transportation and communication system.
 Construction of modern building and re- colonies.
 Water resources management and its purification modernization
of the system of food production and its availability to the people.
Modernization of the ways of working and laboring as work
player.
 Health care and treatment of diseases.
Providing modern means for the entertainment and leisure time
hobbies.
Development of inter relationship and inter dependence.

20. GENERAL AIM OF SCIENCE TEACHING
The aims of the teaching and study of sciences are to encourage and enable students to:
Develop inquiring minds and curiosity about science and the natural world
Acquire knowledge, conceptual understanding and skills to solve problems and
make informed decisions in scientific and other contexts
Develop skills of scientific inquiry to design and carry out scientific investigations
and evaluate scientific evidence to draw conclusions
Communicate scientific ideas, arguments and practical experiences accurately in a
variety of ways
Think analytically, critically and creatively to solve problems, judge arguments and
make decisions in scientific and other contexts
Appreciate the benefits and limitations of science and its application in
technological developments
Understand the international nature of science and the interdependence of science,
technology and society, including the benefits, limitations and implications imposed
by social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and ethical factors
Demonstrate attitudes and develop values of honesty and respect for themselves,
others, and their shared environment.