theories of morivation

1. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran.
Content vs. Process Motivation Theories
Content theories
explain why people have different needs at different times.
Implications of Content Theories:
1. Match rewards with employee needs
2. Offer employees a choice of rewards
3. people have different needs at different times
4. Limit use of financial rewards as a source of motivation
Process theories
describe the processes through which needs are translated into
behavior

2. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran.
Maslow’s
Hierarchy
of Needs
Self-
actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

3. Gholipour A. 2006. Organizational Behavior. University of Tehran.
Needs Hierarchy
Theory
Needs Hierarchy Theory
Self-
Actualization
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Physiological
• Maslow arranged five needs in a
hierarchy
• Satisfaction-progression process
• People who experience self-
actualization desire more rather
than less of this need

4. Gholipour A. 2006. Organizational Behavior. University of Tehran.
ERG
Theory
Needs Hierarchy
Theory
ERG Theory
Self-
Actualization
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Physiological
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
• Alderfer’s model has
three sets of needs
• Adds frustration-
regression process to
Maslow’s model

5. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran.
Content Theories of Motivation
Self-
Actualization
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Physiological
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
Motivator--Hygiene
Theory
Motivators
Hygienes
Need for
Achievement
Need for
Power
Need for
Affiliation
McClelland’s
Learned Needs
ERG
Theory
Needs Hierarchy
Theory